Echocardiographic measurement of the normal adult right ventricle.

R Foale, P Nihoyannopoulos, W McKenna, A Kleinebenne, A Nadazdin, E Rowland, G Smith, A Klienebenne

In studies of the right ventricle the complexities of chamber shape may be overcome by use of multiple tomographic imaging planes. An established protocol for the echocardiographic description of the heart was used to examine the right ventricle in an ordered series of transducer locations and orientations. Diastolic measurements were made of the right ventricular inflow tract, outflow tract, and right ventricular body, and the range and reproducibility of normal values for cavity size and right ventricular free wall thickness were established. These measurements of cavity size in 41 normal subjects were highly reproducible and the views that were used correctly described the truncated and ellipsoidal shape of the right ventricular inflow tract and body with a separately aligned outflow tract. Cavity trabeculation prevented measurement of the free wall thickness in some areas; however, values of nearly twice the previously reported upper limit of normal for anterior regions were measured from the apex or lateral right ventricular wall. These normal data provide a basis for future echocardiographic studies of the right ventricle.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Grapsa, J., O'Regan, D. P., Pavlopoulos, H., Durighel, G., Dawson, D., Nihoyannopoulos, P. (2009). Right ventricular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension with three-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Echocardiogr 0: jep169v1-jep169 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Teske, A. J., Prakken, N. H., De Boeck, B. W., Velthuis, B. K., Martens, E. P., Doevendans, P. A., Cramer, M. J. (2009). Echocardiographic tissue deformation imaging of right ventricular systolic function in endurance athletes. Eur Heart J 30: 969-977 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chrustowicz, A., Simonis, G., Matschke, K., Strasser, R. H., Gackowski, A. (2009). Right ventricular dilatation predicts survival after mitral valve repair in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function. Eur J Echocardiogr 10: 309-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baumgartner, H., Hung, J., Bermejo, J., Chambers, J. B., Evangelista, A., Griffin, B. P., Iung, B., Otto, C. M., Pellikka, P. A., Quinones, M. (2009). Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 10: 1-25 [Full Text]  
• D'Andrea, A, De Corato, G, Scarafile, R, Romano, S, Reigler, L, Mita, C, Allocca, F, Limongelli, G, Gigantino, G, Liccardo, B, Cuomo, S, Tagliamonte, G, Caso, P, Calbro, R (2008). Left atrial myocardial function in either physiological or pathological left ventricular hypertrophy: a two-dimensional speckle strain study. Br. J. Sports. Med. 42: 696-702 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lindqvist, P., Calcutteea, A., Henein, M. (2008). Echocardiography in the assessment of right heart function. Eur J Echocardiogr 9: 225-234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lopez-Candales, A, Dohi, K, Rajagopalan, N, Edelman, K, Gulyasy, B, Bazaz, R (2008). Defining normal variables of right ventricular size and function in pulmonary hypertension: an echocardiographic study. Postgrad. Med. J. 84: 40-45 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Niemann, P. S., Pinho, L., Balbach, T., Galuschky, C., Blankenhagen, M., Silberbach, M., Broberg, C., Jerosch-Herold, M., Sahn, D. J. (2007). Anatomically Oriented Right Ventricular Volume Measurements With Dynamic Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Validated by 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 1668-1676 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Asano, M., Razzouk, A. J., Chinnock, R. E., Bailey, L. L. (2007). Geometric Disproportion of Cardiac Structure and Graft Ischemia Affect Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation Early After Neonatal Heart Transplantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83: 1774-1780 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tulner, S. A.F., Bax, J. J., Bleeker, G. B., Steendijk, P., Klautz, R. J.M., Holman, E. R., Schalij, M. J., Dion, R. A.E., van der Wall, E. E. (2006). Beneficial Hemodynamic and Clinical Effects of Surgical Ventricular Restoration in Patients With Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 82: 1721-1727 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Antoniades, L., Tsatsopoulou, A., Anastasakis, A., Syrris, P., Asimaki, A., Panagiotakos, D., Zambartas, C., Stefanadis, C., McKenna, W. J., Protonotarios, N. (2006). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy caused by deletions in plakophilin-2 and plakoglobin (Naxos disease) in families from Greece and Cyprus: genotype-phenotype relations, diagnostic features and prognosis. Eur Heart J 27: 2208-2216 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• D'Andrea, A., Caso, P., Severino, S., Cuomo, S., Capozzi, G., Calabro, P., Cice, G., Ascione, L., Scherillo, M., Calabro, R. (2006). Prognostic value of intra-left ventricular electromechanical asynchrony in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 27: 1311-1318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martinez-Selles, M., Munoa, M. D., Martinez, E., Fernandez, M. A. G., Garcia, E. (2006). The influence of sex on right ventricular dysfunction in patients with severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 8: 400-403 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ho, S Y, Nihoyannopoulos, P (2006). Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions. Heart 92: i2-i13 [Full Text]  
• Bleeker, G B, Steendijk, P, Holman, E R, Yu, C-M, Breithardt, O A, Kaandorp, T A M, Schalij, M J, van der Wall, E E, Bax, J J, Nihoyannopoulos, P (2006). Acquired right ventricular dysfunction. Heart 92: i14-i18 [Full Text]  
• Bleeker, G B, Steendijk, P, Holman, E R, Yu, C-M, Breithardt, O A, Kaandorp, T A M, Schalij, M J, van der Wall, E E, Nihoyannopoulos, P, Bax, J J (2006). Assessing right ventricular function: the role of echocardiography and complementary technologies. Heart 92: i19-i26 [Full Text]  
• D'Andrea, A, Caso, P, Cuomo, S, Salerno, G, Scarafile, R, Mita, C, De Corato, G, Sarubbi, B, Scherillo, M, Calabro, R, Citro, R (2006). Prognostic value of intra-left ventricular electromechanical asynchrony in patients with mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with power athletes * Commentary.. Br. J. Sports. Med. 40: 244-250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lang, R. M., Bierig, M., Devereux, R. B., Flachskampf, F. A., Foster, E., Pellikka, P. A., Picard, M. H., Roman, M. J., Seward, J., Shanewise, J., Solomon, S., Spencer, K. T., St. John Sutton, M., Stewart, W. (2006). Recommendations for chamber quantification. Eur J Echocardiogr 7: 79-108 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bruzzi, J. F., Remy-Jardin, M., Delhaye, D., Teisseire, A., Khalil, C., Remy, J. (2006). When, Why, and How to Examine the Heart During Thoracic CT: Part 1, Basic Principles. Am. J. Roentgenol. 186: 324-332 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bleeker, G. B., Schalij, M. J., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Steendijk, P., Molhoek, S. G., van Erven, L., Bootsma, M., Holman, E. R., van der Wall, E. E., Bax, J. J. (2005). Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Predicts Right Ventricular Remodeling After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 2264-2269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• D'Andrea, A., Stisi, S., Bellissimo, S., Vigorito, F., Scotto di Uccio, F., Tozzi, N., Moscato, F., Pezzullo, E., Calabro, R., Scherillo, M. (2005). Early impairment of myocardial function in systemic sclerosis: Non-invasive assessment by Doppler myocardial and strain rate imaging. Eur J Echocardiogr 6: 407-418 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yoerger, D. M., Marcus, F., Sherrill, D., Calkins, H., Towbin, J. A., Zareba, W., Picard, M. H., Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dyspl, (2005). Echocardiographic findings in patients meeting task force criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: New insights from the multidisciplinary study of right ventricular dysplasia. J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 860-865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silversides, C K, Siu, S C, McLaughlin, P R, Haberer, K L, Webb, G D, Benson, L, Harris, L (2004). Symptomatic atrial arrhythmias and transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adult patients. Heart 90: 1194-1198 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• D'Andrea, A, Caso, P, Sarubbi, B, D'Alto, M, Giovanna Russo, M, Scherillo, M, Cotrufo, M, Calabro, R (2004). Right ventricular myocardial activation delay in adult patients with right bundle branch block late after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Echocardiogr 5: 123-131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zweytick, B., Pignoni-Mory, P., Zweytick, G., Steinbach, K. (2004). Prognostic significance of right ventricular extrasystoles. Europace 6: 123-129 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ghai, A., Silversides, C., Harris, L., Webb, G. D., Siu, S. C., Therrien, J. (2002). Left ventricular dysfunction is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in adults late after repair of tetralogy of fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 1675-1680 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hamid, M. S., Norman, M., Quraishi, A., Firoozi, S., Thaman, R., Gimeno, J. R., Sachdev, B., Rowland, E., Elliott, P. M., McKenna, W. J. (2002). Prospective evaluation of relatives for familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia reveals a need to broaden diagnostic criteria. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 1445-1450 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brochu, M.-C., Baril, J.-F., Dore, A., Juneau, M., De Guise, P., Mercier, L.-A. (2002). Improvement in Exercise Capacity in Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Adults After Atrial Septal Defect Percutaneous Closure. Circulation 106: 1821-1826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Niwa, K., Siu, S. C., Webb, G. D., Gatzoulis, M. A. (2002). Progressive Aortic Root Dilatation in Adults Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 106: 1374-1378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kimura, F., Sakai, F., Sakomura, Y., Fujimura, M., Ueno, E., Matsuda, N., Kasanuki, H., Mitsuhashi, N. (2002). Helical CT Features of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. RadioGraphics 22: 1111-1124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thomson, J D R, Aburawi, E H, Watterson, K G, Van Doorn, C, Gibbs, J L (2002). Surgical and transcatheter (Amplatzer) closure of atrial septal defects: a prospective comparison of results and cost. Heart 87: 466-469 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Protonotarios, N., Tsatsopoulou, A., Anastasakis, A., Sevdalis, E., McKoy, G., Stratos, K., Gatzoulis, K., Tentolouris, K., Spiliopoulou, C., Panagiotakos, D., McKenna, W., Toutouzas, P. (2001). Genotype-phenotype assessment in autosomal recessive arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (Naxos disease) caused by a deletion in plakoglobin. J Am Coll Cardiol 38: 1477-1484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• GUIDRY, U. C., MENDES, L. A., EVANS, J. C., LEVY, D., O'CONNOR, G. T., LARSON, M. G., GOTTLIEB, D. J., BENJAMIN, E. J. (2001). Echocardiographic Features of the Right Heart in Sleep-Disordered Breathing . The Framingham Heart Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 933-938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lindstrom, L, Wilkenshoff, U M, Larsson, H, Wranne, B (2001). Echocardiographic assessment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Heart 86: 31-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Therrien, J., Siu, S. C., Harris, L., Dore, A., Niwa, K., Janousek, J., Williams, W. G., Webb, G., Gatzoulis, M. A. (2001). Impact of Pulmonary Valve Replacement on Arrhythmia Propensity Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 103: 2489-2494 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nava, A., Bauce, B., Basso, C., Muriago, M., Rampazzo, A., Villanova, C., Daliento, L., Buja, G., Corrado, D., Danieli, G. A., Thiene, G. (2000). Clinical profile and long-term follow-up of 37 families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 2226-2233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Therrien, J., Siu, S. C., McLaughlin, P. R., Liu, P. P., Williams, W. G., Webb, G. D. (2000). Pulmonary valve replacement in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: are we operating too late?. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 1670-1675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mayet, J., Ariff, B., Wasan, B., Chapman, N., Shahi, M., Poulter, N. R., Sever, P. S., Foale, R. A., Thom, S. A. McG. (2000). Improvement in Midwall Myocardial Shortening With Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Hypertension 36: 755-759 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Henriksen, E., Landelius, J., Kangro, T., Jonason, T., Hedberg, P., Wesslen, L., Rosander, C.N., Rolf, C., Ringqvist, I., Friman, G. (1999). An echocardiographic study of right and left ventricular adaptation to physical exercise in elite female orienteers. Eur Heart J 20: 309-316 [Abstract]  
• Mayet, J., Shahi, M., McGrath, K., Poulter, N. R., Sever, P. S., Foale, R. A., Thom, S. A. McG. (1996). Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and QT Dispersion in Hypertension. Hypertension 28: 791-796 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vasan, R. S., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D. (1996). Congestive Heart Failure With Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Clinical Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure. Arch Intern Med 156: 146-157 [Abstract]  
• Cullen, S., Shore, D., Redington, A. (1995). Characterization of Right Ventricular Diastolic Performance After Complete Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot : Restrictive Physiology Predicts Slow Postoperative Recovery. Circulation 91: 1782-1789 [Abstract] [Full Text]