CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Cardiovascular malformations in infants of diabetic mothers

C Wren¹, G Birrell¹, G Hawthorne²

¹ Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
² Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Register, Regional Maternity Survey Office, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr C Wren, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
Christopher.Wren{at}tfh.nuth.northy.nhs.uk

Objective: To compare the prevalence at live birth and the spectrum of cardiovascular malformations in infants born to diabetic mothers with pre-existing diabetes with that in infants of non-diabetic mothers.

Design: Prospective study of all live births in the resident population of one health region, with recording of details of the outcome of all pregnancies of women with pre-existing diabetes and of all live born babies with cardiovascular malformations.

Results: In the six years 1995–2000 there were 192 618 live births in the study population. Cardiovascular malformations were confirmed in 22 of 609 (3.6%) babies with diabetic mothers and in 1417 of 192 009 (0.74%) babies with non-diabetic mothers. The odds ratio for a cardiovascular malformation with maternal diabetes was 5.0 (95% confidence interval 3.3 to 7.8). Combination of these results with previous reports and comparison with the spectrum of cardiovascular malformations in infants of non-diabetic mothers shows a greater than threefold excess of transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, and tricuspid atresia.

Conclusions: Pre-existing maternal diabetes is associated with a fivefold increase in risk of cardiovascular malformations. Transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, and tricuspid atresia are overrepresented to produce a substantial excess of these malformations.

Keywords: congenital cardiovascular malformation; diabetes; maternal diabetes; transposition of the great arteries

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