Heart 2007;93:659-664
HEART REVIEW
Cell death in the cardiovascular system
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrookes Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Correspondence to:
Dr T Littlewood
University of Cambridge, ACCI, Level 6 Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK; tdl2{at}mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Cell death is important for both development and tissue homeostasis in the adult. As such, it is tightly controlled and deregulation is associated with diverse pathologies; for example, regulated cell death is involved in vessel remodelling during development or following injury, but deregulated death is implicated in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathies and infarction. We describe the mechanisms of cell death and its role in the normal physiology and various pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
Abbreviations: EC, endothelial cell; ECM, extracellular matrix; MI, myocardial infarction; NO, nitric oxide; oxLDL, oxidised low-density lipoprotein; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
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