Education in Heart
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEAntenatal diagnosis of heart disease
Lindsey Allan
Director of the Echocardiography Laboratory, New York
Presbyterian Hospital, New York,
USA
Correspondence to: Professor Lindsey Allan, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia Campus, 3959 Broadway, 2-North, New York, NY 10032, USA email: la48@columbia.edu
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
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Introduction |
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In
180, several reports appeared almost simultaneously of the
identification of normal cardiac anatomy in fetal life. The recognition
of several different forms of structural cardiac anomaly followed soon
after. At this time, cardiac evaluation was confined to pregnancies at
increased risk of congenital heart disease (CHD), such as those with a
family history of CHD or where extracardiac malformations had been
detected. However, up to 90% of CHD occurs in pregnancies where there
are no known high risk features. For this reason, in 1985 a group based
in Paris put forward the idea of teaching the obstetrician to assess
the heart in a simplified form during routine obstetric scanning, which
was well established at that time in France. As a result, four chamber
view scanning became an integral part of the fetal anatomical survey in
many countries by the end of the 1980s. In the early 1990s, some
authors suggested extending
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