Heart 2000;83:596-602 ( May )

Education in Heart

HEART FAILURE

Epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure

John J McMurray, Simon Stewart

Clinical Research Initiative in Heart Failure, Wolfson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

Correspondence to: Professor John J McMurray, The Clinical Research Initiative in Heart Failure, Wolfson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ, UK email: J.McMurray@bio.gla.ac.uk

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

	Introduction

Heart failure is now recognised as a major and escalating public health problem in industrialised countries with ageing populations. Any attempt to describe the epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure, however, must take account of the difficulty in defining exactly what heart failure is. Though the focus of this article is the symptomatic syndrome it must be remembered that as many patients again may have asymptomatic disease that might be legitimately labelled "heart failure"for example, asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction. More comprehensive reviews of the epidemiology and associated burden of heart failure have been published by McMurray and colleagues¹ and more recently by Cowie and colleagues.²

Data relating to the aetiology, epidemiology and prognostic implications of heart failure are principally available from five types of studies:

• Cross sectional and longitudinal follow up surveys of well defined populations. These have almost exclusively focused on those individuals with clinical signs . . . [Full text of this article]

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