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Non-cardiac surgery in the heart failure patient
Joel P Reginelli, Roger M MillsDepartment of
Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Correspondence to: Roger M Mills MD, Department of Cardiology, Desk F15, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA millsr@ccf.org
Accepted 23 January
2001
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Introduction |
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In this era of increasingly procedural cardiology, many physicians regard the cognitive exercise of preoperative evaluation for non-cardiac surgery as an onerous task. In reality, the preoperative period affords a window of opportunity for the consulting cardiologist to minimise surgical risk by maximising medical treatment, directing appropriate testing, and communicating effectively with the surgical team. Many physicians are unaware that nearly half of all perioperative deaths are related to cardiac events, and they may greatly underestimate the degree to which heart failure contributes to this cardiac mortality. It is imperative as a consulting cardiologist to develop a consistent approach to heart failure patients in order to avoid unnecessary, and potentially dangerous, preoperative diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
In this article we will briefly review recent data relating to
predictors of surgical risks, and propose an approach for integrating the clinical evaluation of cardiac status and surgical risk in order to
provide
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