© 2004 by BMJ Publishing Group & British Cardiac Society
EDITORIAL
Management programmes for heart failure
1 Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore
2 Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr Alfred Cheng
Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, 3 Mount Elizabeth, Singapore 228510; alfredcheng18@hotmail.com
A multidisciplinary team approach is needed for managing heart failure patients
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; HFDM, heart failure disease management; NYHA, New York Heart Association
Keywords: heart failure; management programmes
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Heart failure is a growing epidemic in the world. In the USA, it is estimated that the annual incidence of heart failure is 550 000 patients and the number of hospital discharges for heart failure was almost a million in 2001. The cost of treating heart failure in 2004 is estimated to be $28.8 billion dollars. Eighty per cent of men under the age of 65 years with heart failure will die within eight years.1 Facing these stark statistics, it is recognised that a heart failure disease management programme is necessary to curb the rising cost of managing heart failure and to improve the morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure.
Heart failure disease management (HFDM) recognises that heart failure is a chronic debilitating disease for which the optimal treatment would require a holistic approach adapted to each patient’s unique set of medical, psychosocial, behavioural, and financial circumstances. The HFDM
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