© 2005 by BMJ Publishing Group & British Cardiac Society
MINI-SYMPOSIUM
Closure of patent foramen ovale: technique, pitfalls, complications, and follow up
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor Bernhard Meier
Swiss Cardiovascular Centre Bern, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; bernhard.meier@insel.ch
Keywords: atrial septal defect; patent foramen ovale
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
The first atrial septal defects (ASDs) were closed percutaneously in 1974 and reports about their closure published in 1976.1 In the 1980s the Rashkind occluder was introduced and revived the interest in the topic,2 focusing for the first time on the patent foramen ovale (PFO).3 This device is still available in two modified versions. Its initial name, Rashkind Clamshell occluder, has been changed, first into CardioSEAL and more recently into STARFlex (Nitinol Medical Technologies, Boston, Massachusetts, USA). Two other devices are the Sideris Buttoned Device (Custom Medical Devices, Amarillo, Texas, USA) and the Angel Wings device (Microvena Corp, Whitebear Lake, Minnesota, USA), more recently called the Guardian Angel device. The ASDOS device and the Monodisk device are no longer on the market. All these devices had one major problem in common pertaining to the closure of ASDs. They were not self-centering. Although some efforts were made to remedy this with
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