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GENERAL CARDIOLOGY

Air pollution has previously been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However the mechanism by which this occurs, the magnitude of the association, and the effects of long-term exposure to pollutants remain to be elucidated.
The Womens Health Initiative (WHI) was an observational study of 65 893 post menopausal women in 36 US metropolitan areas that ran from 1994 to 1998 with a median follow-up of 6 years. None of the women recruited had any previous history of cardiovascular disease. Data on air pollution in the cities studied was obtained from the Environmental Protection Agencys Aerometric Information Retrieval System. Each womans individual exposure to air pollution was estimated by using the monitor closest to their residence. Hazard ratios were estimated for a first cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, stroke and death from coronary or cerebrovascular disease), adjusting for age, race or ethnic group, smoking status, educational level,
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