Explaining Age Specific Inequalities in Mortality from All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease and Ischaemic Heart Disease Among South Korean Male Public Servants: Relative and Absolute Perspectives

Young-Ho Khang ^1*, John Lynch ², Kyunghee Jung-Choi ³ and Hong-Jun Cho ⁴

¹ University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
² McGill University, Montreal, Canada
³ Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Choong-Ju, Korea, Republic of
⁴ Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: youngk{at}amc.seoul.kr.

Accepted 1 May 2007

Abstract

Objective To examine age-specific patterns in the ability of major cardiovascular risk factors to explain relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and ischaemic heart disease (IHD).

Design Prospective cohort study.

Setting South Korea.

Subjects 575,377 male public servants aged 30-64 with 16,998 deaths between 1995 and 2003.

Main outcomes All cause, CVD, and IHD mortality.

Results Four cardiovascular risk factors (cigarette smoking, blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, and serum total cholesterol) were significantly associated with mortality risk. Changing relationships in socioeconomic distribution of risk factors with age were observed. The magnitude of reduction in percent change in absolute risk was greater than that in relative risk. While the risk factors explained only 15.2% of excess RR for all-cause mortality in low income men aged 30-44, the absolute excess risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 48.3% when the risk factors were removed from the whole population. This pattern was generally true for all causes, CVD, and IHD, and true for all age groups and risk factors examined. Cigarette smoking and hypertension were the leading contributors in explaining relative and absolute inequality in mortality.

Conclusion Policy efforts to eliminate major cardiovascular risk factors in the general population may have a significant effect on reducing the absolute burden of socioeconomic inequality in mortality. Policy efforts to attenuate socioeconomic inequality in cardiovascular risk factors need to be directed to younger age groups in South Korea.

Keywords: Inequalities, Mortality, cardiovascular diseases, coronary disease, risk factors

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