Table 1
Predictive values of clinical features5
| Sensitivity (%) |
Specificity (%) |
PPV (%) | NPV (%) | |
| Past history of myocardial infarction | 59 | 86 | 44 | 92 |
| Ingesting diuretic | 73 | 41 | 19 | 89 |
| Dyspnoea on exertion | 100 | 17 | 18 | 100 |
| Orthopnoea | 22 | 74 | 14 | 83 |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea | 39 | 80 | 27 | 87 |
| Oedema in history | 49 | 47 | 15 | 83 |
| Jugular venous pressure distension | 17 | 98 | 64 | 86 |
| Crackles | 29 | 77 | 19 | 85 |
| Gallop rhythm | 24 | 99 | 77 | 87 |
| Oedema on examination | 20 | 86 | 21 | 85 |
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PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.
