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Heart 87:276-278 doi:10.1136/heart.87.3.276
  • Scientific letters

Replacement of extracted permanent pacemaker or defibrillator leads by cannulation of veins using the femoral “drag through” technique

Table 1

Lead extraction details

Patient Age Indication System Extracted Tech Anaesth Rem Drag Proc Fluoro
*Patients with venous occlusion of the ipsilateral veins. Indication: Pain, painful pacemaker; Failure, lead failure and the patient is young (≤ 60 years); Advisory, an advisory lead and the patient has requested lead extraction; ICD, patient required upgrading of pacemaker to ICD or replacement of a failed defibrillator lead. System: the system in situ requiring extraction; DDD, dual chamber; VVI and AAI, single chamber. Extracted: the number of each type of leads extracted. Tech: the system used to perform lead extraction; S, needle eye snare; B, Byrd femoral workstation. Anaesth: LA, local; GA, general anaesthetic. Rem: indicates whether any lead fragments were retained; N, none; distal, < 2 cm of distal lead was retained. Drag: how many leads were replaced by the drag through technique; */* number of leads dragged through/number requiring extraction. Proc and Fluoro: procedure and fluoroscopy time (mins) including time for new implants.
1 50 Failure VVI V B LA N 1/1 280 45.5
2 51 Pain DDD Vx2,Ax1 S LA N 2/2 130 104
3 63 Advisory DDD V S LA N 1/1 135 35
4 63 Failure DDD A,V S LA N 2/2 175 20
5* 41 Failure AAI Ax1 S LA N 1/1 300 58.8
6 72 Advisory DDD Vx2,Ax1 S LA N 2/2 110 58.8
7 73 ICD VVI V S GA N 1/1 140 20
8 60 Failure DDD A,V S LA Distal 2/2 150 34.2
9* 54 Failure DDD A,V B LA N 2/2 90 10
10 54 Failure VVI V S LA N 1/1 150 7.6
11* 67 Failure DDD V B LA N 2/2 240 58.2
12* 58 ICD DDD V B GA N 1/1 60 12
13 52 Failed ICD ICD ICD B LA N 1/1 100 28.4
14 53 Failed ICD ICD ICD B LA Distal 1/1 120 75
Mean 57.9 155.7 40.5
SD 9.0 70.8 27.9

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