Clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty or fibrinolysis

Abstract

Objective: To compare the early and late outcomes of primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with fibrinolytic treatment among diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Design: Retrospective observational study with data obtained from prospective registries.

Setting: Tertiary cardiovascular institution with 24 hour acute interventional facilities.

Patients: 202 consecutive diabetic patients with AMI receiving reperfusion treatment within six hours of symptom onset.

Interventions: Fibrinolytic treatment was administered to 99 patients, and 103 patients underwent primary PTCA. Most patients undergoing PTCA received adjunctive stenting (94.2%) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition (63.1%).

Main outcome measures: Death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularisation at 30 days and one year were assessed.

Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in these two treatment groups except that the proportion of patients with Killip class III or IV was considerably higher in those treated with PTCA (15.5% v 6.1%, p = 0.03) and time to treatment was significantly longer (103.7 v 68.0 minutes, p < 0.001). Among those treated with PTCA, the rates for in-hospital recurrent ischaemia (5.8% v 17.2%, p = 0.011) and target vessel revascularisation at one year (19.4% v 36.4%, p = 0.007) were lower. Death or reinfarction at one year was also reduced among those treated with PTCA (17.5% v 31.3%, p = 0.02), with an adjusted relative risk of 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.57) compared with fibrinolysis.

Conclusion: Among diabetic patients with AMI, primary PTCA was associated with reduced early and late adverse events compared with fibrinolytic treatment.