Footnotes

• Contributors TCG wrote the manuscript; FT provided three illustrations and made several comments for improving the manuscript. MDP shared his insight as a heart failure specialist, critically reviewed the paper, and made constructive comments.

• Competing interests In compliance with EBAC/EACCME guidelines, all authors participating in Education in Heart have disclosed potential conflicts of interest that might cause a bias in the article. The authors have no competing interests.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.