Clinical ResearchHeart FailureThe Pathophysiology of Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction: Exercise Echocardiography Reveals Complex Abnormalities of Both Systolic and Diastolic Ventricular Function Involving Torsion, Untwist, and Longitudinal Motion
Heart Failure
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Key Words
diastolic
heart failure
rotation
strain
untwist
Abbreviations and Acronyms
A′
peak late diastolic myocardial mitral annular velocity by pulse wave Doppler imaging
Am
peak late diastolic myocardial mitral annular velocity by color tissue Doppler imaging
DT
deceleration time
E′
peak early diastolic myocardial mitral annular velocity by pulse wave Doppler imaging
Em
peak early diastolic myocardial mitral annular velocity by color tissue Doppler imaging
LV
left ventricle/ventricular
NT-proBNP
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
S′
peak systolic myocardial mitral annular velocity by pulse wave Doppler imaging
Sm
peak systolic myocardial mitral annular velocity by color tissue Doppler imaging
VO2max
maximum oxygen consumption
Vp
mitral flow propagation velocity
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The project was funded by a project grant from the British Heart Foundation and an equipment grant from the North Staffs Heart Committee. Dr. Sanderson has received travel grants from Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Pfizer, and lecture fees from Pfizer. Dr. Frenneaux is a consultant to Medtronic and St. Jude and has a method-of-use patent for perhexiline in heart failure (no current financial value).
Copyright © 2009 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.