PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Min Zhao
AU  - Ilonca Vaartjes
AU  - Ian Graham
AU  - Diederick Grobbee
AU  - Wilko Spiering
AU  - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
AU  - Mark Woodward
AU  - Sanne AE Peters
TI  - Sex differences in risk factor management of coronary heart disease across three regions
AID  - 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311429
DP  - 2017 Oct 01
TA  - Heart
PG  - 1587--1594
VI  - 103
IP  - 20
4099  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/103/20/1587.short
4100  - http://heart.bmj.com/content/103/20/1587.full
SO  - Heart2017 Oct 01; 103
AB  - Objective To investigate whether there are sex differences in risk factor management of patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD), and to assess demographic variations of any potential sex differences.Methods Patients with CHD were recruited from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East between 2012-2013. Adherence to guideline-recommended treatment and lifestyle targets was assessed and summarised as a Cardiovascular Health Index Score (CHIS). Age-adjusted regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for women versus men in risk factor management.Results 10 112 patients (29% women) were included. Compared with men, women were less likely to achieve targets for total cholesterol (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.59), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.64), and glucose (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.87), or to be physically active (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.81) or non-obese (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.90). In contrast, women had better control of blood pressure (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.44) and were more likely to be a non-smoker (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.22) than men. Overall, women were less likely than men to achieve all treatment targets (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.93) or obtain an adequate CHIS (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.91), but no significant differences were found for all lifestyle targets (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.02). Sex disparities in reaching treatment targets were smaller in Europe than in Asia and the Middle East. Women in Asia were more likely than men to reach lifestyle targets, with opposing results in Europe and the Middle East.Conclusions Risk factor management for the secondary prevention of CHD was generally worse in women than in men. The magnitude and direction of the sex differences varied by region.