Clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, underlying cardiomyopathies, and treatment of congestive heart failure patients with preserved and deteriorated left ventricular systolic function
| Ejection fraction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50% (n=163) | >50% (n=66) | ||||
| Variable | n | % | n | % | p Value |
| *Mean (SD). | |||||
| ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; LV, left ventricular. | |||||
| Age (years)* | 66.4 (12.0) | 67.2 (10.9) | 0.44 | ||
| Male | 110 | 67.5 | 24 | 36.4 | <0.001 |
| Female | 53 | 32.5 | 42 | 63.6 | |
| NYHA IV | 105 | 75.0 | 53 | 63.9 | 0.079 |
| Third heart sound | 56 | 34.3 | 4 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Chest radiography | |||||
| Cardiomegaly | 141 | 86.5 | 52 | 78.7 | 0.024 |
| Alveolar oedema | 43 | 26.4 | 6 | 9.1 | 0.005 |
| Electrocardiography | |||||
| Sinus rhythm | 91 | 55.8 | 35 | 53.0 | 0.53 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 55 | 33.7 | 30 | 45.4 | 0.13 |
| LV hypertrophy | 59 | 36.2 | 32 | 48.5 | 0.15 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Arterial hypertension | 84 | 51.5 | 35 | 53.0 | 0.87 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 57 | 34.9 | 19 | 28.7 | 0.36 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 39 | 23.9 | 11 | 16.6 | 0.22 |
| Smokers | 56 | 34.3 | 16 | 24.2 | 0.11 |
| Aetiology | <0.001 | ||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 85 | 52.1 | 19 | 28.8 | |
| Heart valve disease | 25 | 15.3 | 29 | 43.9 | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 22 | 13.5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Treatment | |||||
| Digoxin | 91 | 55.8 | 47 | 71.2 | 0.13 |
| Diuretic | 129 | 79.1 | 50 | 75.8 | 0.70 |
| ACE inhibitor | 74 | 45.4 | 8 | 12.1 | 0.003 |
| Nitrate | 50 | 30.7 | 20 | 30.3 | 0.93 |
| Vasodilator | 12 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.16 |
| Calcium antagonist | 19 | 11.7 | 12 | 18.2 | 0.38 |
| β Blocker | 9 | 5.5 | 5 | 7.6 | 0.66 |
| Dicoumarin | 32 | 19.6 | 16 | 24.2 | 0.65 |