Congenital anomalies and prevalence of congenital heart disease in monochorionic diamniotic twins with and without twin-twin transfusion syndrome
| Congenital anomaly | Twin 1 (n=88) | Twin 2 (n=89) | Recipient (n=42) | Donor (n=45) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One twin 1, five recipients, and two donors were excluded owing to intrauterine demise before fetal echocardiography. | |||||
| PA/IVS, pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum; MCDA, monochorionic diamniotic twin; TTTS, twin-twin transfusion syndrome. | |||||
| Heart | |||||
| Pulmonary valve stenosis | 2 | 2 | Balloon dilatation (in two) | ||
| Ventricular septal defect | 1 | 2 | 1 | Spontaneous closure | |
| Aortic coarctation | 1 | Surgical repair | |||
| PA/IVS | 1 | Selective termination | |||
| Other | |||||
| Single umbilical artery | 1 | 1 | |||
| Exomphalos | 1 | Surgical repair | |||
| Gastroschisis | 1 | Surgical repair | |||
| Chromosomal | |||||
| Turner’s mosaic | 1 | 1 | Intrauterine demise (both) | ||
| Trisomy 21 | 1 | 1 | Intrauterine demise, recipient | ||
| 46XX inv(9)(p11q13) | 1 | 1 | Alive and well | ||
| Prevalence of congenital heart disease | MCDA 2.26% | TTTS 6.90% | Total 3.79% | ||