Factors influencing the treatment decision of renal artery stenosis
| ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme. |
| ▸ Favouring renal revascularisation: |
| Refractory hypertension despite >3 drugs |
| Progressive azotemia |
| Acute renal failure on ACE inhibitors (angiotensin II receptor blockers) |
| Recurrent “flash” pulmonary oedema |
| “Salvage” therapy in recent onset end stage renal disease |
| ▸ Favouring conservative treatment/watchful waiting: |
| Hypertension controlled on <3 drugs |
| Normal renal function |
| Stable mild/moderate renal insufficiency |
| Advanced renal atrophy (<7.5 cm) |
| Doppler ultrasonographic renal resistance index >80 |
| History or clinical evidence of cholesterol embolisation |