Age ( years) (mean (SD)) | 81.3 (6.2) | 80.7 (5.2) |
Male:female | 18:13 | 15:20 |
New York Heart Association functional class |
I/II | 1/15 | 1/12 |
III/IV | 14/1 | 21/1 |
Smoking status | | |
Never | 13 | 18 |
Former/current | 16/2 | 15/2 |
Medical history* |
Atrial fibrillation | 12 | 9 |
IHD | 15 | 21 |
Hypertension | 8 | 17 |
Diabetes | 2 | 7 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 4 | 4 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 5 | 8 |
Obstructive airways disease | 8 | 10 |
Medication |
Prescribed diuretic | 26 | 31 |
Mean dose furosemide (mg) | 54 | 50 |
Spironolactone | 2 | 4 |
Non-steroidal | 1 | 1 |
Aspirin | 12 | 15 |
Warfarin | 9 | 6 |
Use of inhalers | 6 | 11 |
Digoxin | 13 | 9 |
β Blocker | 2 | 4 |
Calcium antagonist | 6 | 9 |
Nitrate | 1 | 7 |
Mental score questionnaire (median) | 10 | 9 |
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction aetiology* |
IHD | 9 | 13 |
Hypertension | 2 | 5 |
IHD and hypertension | 6 | 11 |
Unknown | 14 | 6 |
Significant valve disease |
Mitral regurgitation | 12 | 15 |
Tricuspid regurgitation | 6 | 7 |
Aortic regurgitation | 6 | 9 |