Odds ratios* and corresponding 95% confidence intervals according to energy adjusted intake of carbohydrate foods among 433 non-diabetic cases of acute myocardial infarction and 448 controls, Milan, Italy, 1995 to 1999
| Tertile of intake† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Servings/week | I‡ | II | III | χ2 trend (p value) |
| *Estimates from unconditional logistic regression models, including terms for sex, age, education, body mass index, physical activity, tobacco, alcohol, cholesterol, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and family history of ischaemic heart disease. | ||||
| †Tertiles based on the distribution of controls. For whole grain the categories were only consumers v non-consumers, given the low prevalence of use. | ||||
| ‡Reference category. | ||||
| §Servings per week. | ||||
| CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. | ||||
| Bread | ||||
| Cases/controls | 139/150 | 154/149 | 140/149 | |
| Upper limit§ | 15.3 | 22.2 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.19 (0.83 to 1.71) | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.45) | 0.00 (0.99) |
| Whole grain bread | ||||
| Cases/controls | 406/410 | 27/38 | ||
| OR | 1 | 0.77 (0.44 to 1.37) | ||
| Pasta and rice | ||||
| Cases/controls | 129/149 | 130/151 | 174/148 | |
| Upper limit§ | 4.5 | 6.3 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.97 (0.67 to 1.40) | 1.27 (0.88 to 1.84) | 1.70 (0.19) |
| Soups | ||||
| Cases/controls | 148/150 | 113/149 | 172/149 | |
| Upper limit§ | 1.7 | 3.5 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.86 (0.59 to 1.25) | 1.38 (0.95 to 2.00) | 2.94 (0.09) |
| Potatoes | ||||
| Cases/controls | 156/150 | 160/149 | 117/149 | |
| Upper limit§ | 1.1 | 2.0 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.11 (0.78 to 1.59) | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.12) | 1.63 (0.20) |
| Desserts | ||||
| Cases/controls | 164/149 | 132/150 | 137/149 | |
| Upper limit§ | 2.8 | 7.8 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.23) | 0.97 (0.67 to 1.40) | 0.04 (0.84) |
| Sugars | ||||
| Cases/controls | 143/150 | 122/149 | 168/149 | |
| Upper limit§ | 19.6 | 30.5 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.14) | 1.00 (0.70 to 1.44) | 0.00 (0.99) |