Variables independently associated with the plasma concentration of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide
| Variable included in multiple linear regression models | Regression coefficient: all subjects (n=672) | Regression coefficient: “normal” subjects¶ (n=130) |
|---|---|---|
| Values are regression coefficient estimates (SE). Dependent variable: log10[N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide] (pmol/l). Intercepts (SE) in model including all subjects and in model including only normal subjects were 0.020 (0.397) (NS) and 1.066 (0.441) (p = 0.02), respectively. Coding of dichotomous variables: 0, absence of condition; 1, presence of condition. | ||
| ¶Definition of “normal”: no congestive heart failure, no ischaemic heart disease, no history of hypertension, no diabetes, no lung disease, no cardiovascular drug treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction ⩾60%, blood pressure < 140/90, and a normal ECG. | ||
| ¶¶Dyspnoea classified according to WHO: grade 2, dyspnoea on vacuum cleaning or climbing one flight of stairs; grade 3, dyspnoea when walking on an even road; grade 4, dyspnoea on minimal exertion; grade 5, orthopnoea; grade 6, dyspnoea at rest. | ||
| ¶¶¶Abnormal ECG: presence of arrhythmias, ST deviation, Q waves, hypertrophy, or abnormal left ventricular axis (according to the Minnesota code). | ||
| HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; LV, left ventricular. | ||
| Sex (0=female; 1=male) | −0.177 (0.031), p<0.0001 | −0.197 (0.061), p=0.002 |
| Age (years) | 0.018 (0.002), p<0.0001 | 0.020 (0.003), p<0.0001 |
| Dyspnoea¶¶ | 0.045 (0.012), p=0.0001 | NS |
| Ankle oedema | NS | NS |
| Ischaemic heart disease | NS | – |
| Hypertension | NS | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.175 (0.068), p=0.01 | – |
| Pulmonary disease | NS | – |
| Valvar heart disease | 0.370 (0.119), p=0.002 | – |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | −0.005 (0.001), p<0.0001 | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | NS | NS |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | NS | −0.012 (0.004), p=0.007 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | NS | NS |
| LV ejection fraction ⩽45% | 0.207 (0.052), p<0.0001 | – |
| Abnormal ECG¶¶¶ | 0.180 (0.033), p<0.0001 | – |
| log10[plasma creatinine] (μmol/l) | 0.262 (0.079), p=0.0009 | NS |
| log10[plasma HbA1c] (%) | −0.473 (0.132), p=0.0004 | NS |
| log10[urine albumin] (%) | 0.085 (0.015), p<0.0001 | NS |