Systematic review: recurrent neurologic thromboembolic events with transcatheter PFO closure compared to medical treatment
| Recurrent events | PFO closure | Medical treatment | RD | NNT | RR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Adjusted by indirect standardisation for imbalances in diabetes and smoking. | ||||||
| NNT, number needed to treat; RD, risk difference; RR, relative risk; TIA, transient ischaemic attack. | ||||||
| Crude annualised rate | ||||||
| Stroke | 0.42% | 3.09% | 2.67% | 37 | 0.144 (0.056 to 0.372) | <0.0001 |
| TIA | 1.43% | 2.58% | 1.15% | 87 | 0.562 (0.299 to 1.058) | 0.0703 |
| Stroke or TIA | 1.86% | 5.80% | 3.94% | 25 | 0.327 (0.198 to 0.538) | <0.0001 |
| Crude rate of stroke/TIA at 1 year | 2.71% | 7.56% | 4.85% | 21 | 0.357 (0.234 to 0.543) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted annual rate of stroke/TIA* | 1.86% | 5.42% | 3.56% | 28 | 0.346 (0.209 to 0.573) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted rate stroke/TIA at 1 year* | 2.71% | 7.07% | 4.36% | 23 | 0.385 (0.252 to 0.589) | <0.0001 |