Doppler echocardiographic data on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function and heart rate during examination
| Ex-users (n = 15) | Users (n = 17) | Weightlifters (n = 15) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Values are mean (SD). | |||
| Users v ex-users: *p<0.05. | |||
| Ex-users v weightlifters: †p<0.05, ††p<0.01. | |||
| Users v weightlifters: ‡p<0.05. | |||
| Amax, maximum late transmitral flow velocity; Emax, maximum early transmitral flow velocity; E/Amax, ratio of maximum early to late transmitral flow velocity. | |||
| Fractional shortening (%) | 35.7 (5.8) | 31.7 (3.7) | 33.1 (4.8) |
| Emax (cm/s) | 72 (13) | 85 (13)* | 85 (14)† |
| Amax (cm/s) | 60 (12) | 61 (12) | 50 (9)‡ |
| E/Amax | 1.24 (0.31) | 1.44 (0.32) | 1.76 (0.45)†† |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 73 (14) | 73 (12) | 71 (11) |