Cardiac response to exercise
| Controls | TGA patients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rest | Exercise | % Change | Rest | Exercise | % Change | |
| *p < 0.05 TGA patients v controls; †p < 0.05 rest v exercise. | ||||||
| EDV, end diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end systolic volume; SV, stroke volume. | ||||||
| Workload (W) | NA | 132 (16) | 0 | NA | 87 (20) | |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 67 (8) | 122 (8)† | 85 (23) | 68 (10) | 112 (15)† | 68 (26)* |
| Right ventricle | ||||||
| EDV (ml) | 146 (24) | 148 (26) | 1 (4) | 155 (55) | 163 (57)† | 5 (8)* |
| ESV (ml) | 52 (20) | 37 (16)† | −30 (13) | 70 (34) | 75 (36)† | 9 (16)* |
| SV (ml) | 96 (10) | 111 (13)† | 16 (6) | 85 (26) | 87 (25) | 3 (9)* |
| EF (%) | 65 (7) | 76 (7)† | 16 (7) | 56 (7)* | 55 (7) | −2 (8)* |
| Mass (g) | 41 (7) | NA | NA | 112 (43)* | NA | NA |
| Left ventricle | ||||||
| EDV (ml) | 146 (24) | 148 (26) | 1 (4) | 137 (42) | 135 (43) | −1 (9) |
| ESV (ml) | 51 (18) | 36 (14)† | −30 (9) | 50 (21) | 47 (22) | −5 (22)* |
| SV (ml) | 96 (10) | 112 (15)† | 17 (8) | 87 (25) | 88 (24) | 2 (8)* |
| EF (%) | 66 (7) | 77 (6)† | 16 (8) | 64 (7) | 66 (7) | 3 (9)* |
| Mass (g) | 133 (21) | NA | NA | 85 (32)* | NA | NA |