Sex | | | |
Male | 21 952 (43.3%) | 21 952 (43.3%) | NA |
Female | 28 704 (56.7%) | 28 704 (56.7%) | NA |
Age (years) | | | |
50–59 | 4 884 (9.6%) | 4 950 (9.8%) | NA |
60–69 | 12 177 (24.0%) | 12 361 (24.4%) | NA |
70–79 | 18 129 (35.8%) | 18 296 (36.1%) | NA |
80–89 | 13 036 (25.7%) | 12 742 (25.2%) | NA |
⩾90 | 2 430 (4.8%) | 2 307 (4.6%) | NA |
Matching by disease indication |
RA | 1 515 (3.0%) | 1 515 (3.0%) | NA |
COPD | 16 440 (32.5%) | 16 440 (32.5%) | NA |
Other* | 31 240 (61.7%) | 31 240 (61.7%) | NA |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
<20 | 1 872 (3.7%) | 2 101 (4.1%) | 1.00 (reference) |
20–25 | 11 256 (22.2%) | 12 235 (24.2%) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) |
25–30 | 12 207 (24.1%) | 11 831 (23.4%) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.17) |
⩾30 | 5 779 (11.4%) | 4 569 (9.0%) | 1.39 (1.33 to 1.46) |
Unknown | 19 542 (38.6%) | 19 920 (39.3%) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09) |
Smoking | | | |
Yes | 9 997 (19.7%) | 8 609 (17.0%) | 1.20 (1.16 to 1.24) |
Unknown | 13 719 (27.1%) | 14 940 (29.5%) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.93) |
Use of prescription drugs in the year before the index date |
NSAIDs | 14 415 (28.5%) | 12 694 (25.1%) | 1.20 (1.16 to 1.23) |
DMARDs | 265 (0.5%) | 255 (0.5%) | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.26) |
HRT | 1 169 (2.3%) | 1 236 (2.4%) | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) |
Bronchodilators | 9 870 (19.5%) | 8 737 (17.2%) | 1.28 (1.23 to 1.33) |
Antidiabetic drugs | 2 681 (5.3%) | 1 371 (2.7%) | 2.02 (1.89 to 2.16) |
Cardiac glycosides | 2 093 (4.1%) | 962 (1.9%) | 2.26 (2.09 to 2.44) |
Antihypertensive drugs | 19 464 (38.4%) | 13 964 (27.6%) | 1.68 (1.63 to 1.72) |
Nitrates | 1 735 (3.4%) | 435 (0.9%) | 4.10 (3.69 to 4.57) |
Oral anticoagulants | 4.371 (8.6%) | 3 224(6.4%) | 1.42 (1.35 to 1.49) |
Antiplatelet drugs | 285 (0.6%) | 139 (0.3%) | 2.07 (1.69 to 2.54) |
Lipid lowering drugs | 374 (0.7%) | 302 (0.6%) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.45) |
Antiarrhythmics | 783 (1.5%) | 439 (0.9%) | 1.80 (1.60 to 2.02) |
Number of hospital admissions in year before index date |
None | 44 480 (87.8%) | 45 151 (89.1%) | 1.00 (reference) |
1 | 4 019 (7.9%) | 3 774 (7.5%) | 1.08 (1.04 to 1.14) |
>1 | 2 157 (4.3%) | 1 731 (3.4%) | 1.27 (1.19 to 1.36) |
Number of visits to a general practitioner in year before index date |
None | 44 480 (87.8%) | 45 151 (89.1%) | 1.00 (reference) |
1 | 4 019 (7.9%) | 3 774 (7.5%) | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.40) |
>1 | 2 157 (4.3%) | 1 731 (3.4%) | 1.77 (1.40 to 2.23) |