Clinical characteristics of study participants
| Women (n = 1112) | Men (n = 1052) | |
|---|---|---|
| Continuous variables are mean (SD). | ||
| *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 men v women. | ||
| BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; HDL, high density lipoprotein; IMT intima–media thickness; LDL, low density lipoprotein. | ||
| Age (years) | 59 (8) | 60 (9)** |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 138 (20) | 148 (20)*** |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 84 (10) | 89 (11)*** |
| Hypertension | 58.7% | 73.7%*** |
| Current smoking | 17.9% | 27.5%*** |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 7.7 (11.7) | 27.7 (29.5)*** |
| Diabetes | 10.6% | 12.2% |
| Haemoglobin A1C (%) | 5.5 (0.9) | 5.7 (1.0)** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 (5.2) | 28.3 (4.0) |
| Family history of CHD | 22.1% | 19.9% |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.2) |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.4)*** |
| IMT (age adjusted) (mm) | 0.74 (0.01) | 0.81 (0.01)*** |
| Carotid plaque | 63.4% | 75.5%* |