Techniques for delivery of cells to effect myocardial repair
| Route | Delivery method | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| PMR, percutaneous myocardial revascularisation; VATS, video assisted thorascopic surgery. | ||
| Myocardial injection: thoracotomy | Sternotomy, thoracotomy, or VATS | Safety concerns for open surgery. Reduced risk with VATS |
| Myocardial injection: percutaneous | Injection catheters developed from electrophysiology/PMR equipment | Targeting improved with guidance by left ventricular mapping |
| Systemic intravenous | Intravenous cannulation | Systemic risks of cellular therapy not known |
| Intracoronary artery | Cardiac catheter | Targeted cell delivery. Widespread operator experience |