• Valvar prostheses (mechanical, homograft, or bioprostheses) • Non-operated cyanotic congenital heart disease and pulmonary–systemic shunts | • Valvar diseases: aortic insufficiency, mitral insufficiency, aortic stenosis |
• Mitral valve prolapse with mitral insufficiency or valve thickening |
• History of IE | • Bicuspid aortic valve |
| • Congenital non-cyanotic heart diseases except for atrial septal defect (cardiac condition without risk) |
| • Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (with murmur on auscultation) |