Factors affecting mortality
| Factor | All patients (n = 104) | In-hospital mortality | Total mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (n = 82) | Dead (n = 22) | p Value | Alive (n = 61) | Dead (n = 43) | p Value | ||
| Clinical factors | |||||||
| Age (years) | 60 (16) | 60 (15) | 63 (16) | 0.2 | 58 (15) | 62 (17) | 0.25 |
| Men | 70 (67%) | 56 (68%) | 14 (63%) | 0.41 | 43 (70%) | 27 (63%) | 0.29 |
| Early PVE | 20 (19%) | 14 (17%) | 6 (27%) | 0.22 | 7 (11%) | 13 (30%) | 0.01 |
| Late PVE | 84 (81%) | 68 (83%) | 16 (73%) | 54 (89%) | 30 (70%) | ||
| Co-morbidity | 55 (53%) | 46 (56%) | 9 (40%) | 0.36 | 30 (49%) | 25 (58%) | 0.39 |
| >1 co-morbidity | 14 (13%) | 5 (6%) | 9 (41%) | 0.05 | 5 (8%) | 9 (21%) | 0.07 |
| Type of valve | |||||||
| Bioprosthetic | 60 (57%) | 48 (58%) | 12 (54%) | 37 (60% | 23 (54%) | ||
| Mechanical | 39 (37%) | 30 (37%) | 9 (41%) | 0.92 | 20 (33%) | 19 (44%) | 0.32 |
| Homograft | 5 (5%) | 4 (5%) | 1 (5%) | 4 (7%) | 1 (2%) | ||
| Valve location | |||||||
| Mitral | 36 (35%) | 27 (33%) | 9 (41%) | 0.33 | 18 (30%) | 18 (42%) | 0.12 |
| Atrial | 68 (65%) | 55 (67%) | 13 (59%) | 43 (70%) | 25 (58%) | ||
| Biological factors | |||||||
| Renal failure | 33 (32%) | 23 (28%) | 10 (45%) | 0.05 | 17 (35%) | 16 (51%) | 0.13 |
| Leucocytosis (>109/l) | 46 (44%) | 42 (51%) | 4 (18%) | 0.32 | 29 (56%) | 17 (61%) | 0.85 |
| Echocardiographic factors | |||||||
| Vegetation | 64 (61%) | 48 (58%) | 16 (72%) | 0.55 | 31 (49%) | 33 (72%) | 0.03 |
| Vegetation >10 mm long | 32 (31%) | 25 (30%) | 7 (31%) | 0.94 | 16 (26%) | 16 (35%) | 0.42 |
| Highly mobile vegetation | 47 (45%) | 34 (41%) | 13 (59%) | 0.25 | 21 (34%) | 26 (60%) | 0.02 |
| Abscess | 53 (51%) | 42 (51%) | 11 (50%) | 0.69 | 31 (51%) | 22 (53%) | 0.79 |
| New prosthetic valve dehiscence | 31 (30%) | 22 (27%) | 9 (41%) | 0.28 | 13 (21%) | 18 (42%) | 0.03 |
| Moderate or severe regurgitation | 30 (29%) | 18 (22%) | 12 (54%) | 0.006 | 12 (20%) | 18 (42%) | 0.02 |
| Microbiological | |||||||
| Positive blood cultures | 79 (76%) | 61 (74%) | 18 (81%) | 0.84 | 48 (79%) | 31 (72%) | 0.41 |
| S bovis | 10 (10%) | 9 (11%) | 1 (5%) | 0.56 | 8 (13%) | 2 (5%) | 0.35 |
| Enterococci | 12 (12%) | 9 (11%) | 3 (14%) | 0.95 | 7 (11%) | 5 (11%) | 0.95 |
| S viridans | 12 (12%) | 12 (15%) | 0 | 0.11 | 11 (18%) | 1 (2%) | 0.01 |
| All staphylococci | 25 (24%) | 13 (16%) | 12 (54%) | <0.001 | 10 (17%) | 15 (35%) | 0.07 |
| S aureus | 21 (20%) | 10 (12%) | 11 (50%) | 0.001 | 7 (11%) | 14 (32%) | 0.02 |
| Q fever | 2 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 0 | 1 | 2 (3%) | 0 | 0.61 |
| Candida species | 3 (3%) | 3 (4%) | 0 | 0.81 | 1 (2%) | 2 (5%) | 0.79 |
| HACEK | 2 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 0 | 1 | 2 (3%) | 0 | 0.61 |
| Complications | |||||||
| Embolic event | 35 (33%) | 26 (32%) | 9 (41%) | 0.58 | 20 (32%) | 15 (35%) | 0.95 |
| Cerebral haemorrhage | 5 (5%) | 2 (3%) | 3 (14%) | 0.12 | 2 (3%) | 3 (7%) | 0.73 |
| Severe heart failure | 32 (31%) | 18 (22%) | 14 (64%) | 0.001 | 10 (16%) | 22 (51%) | <0.001 |
| High level conduction abnormality | 6 (6%) | 4 (5%) | 2 (9%) | 0.87 | 4 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 0.96 |
| Any complication | 69 (66%) | 49 (60%) | 20 (90%) | 0.05 | 35 (57%) | 34 (79%) | 0.05 |
| Early surgery (< 30 days) | 51 (49%) | 42 (51%) | 9 (41%) | 0.8 | 31 (51%) | 20 (46%) | 0.79 |