Anthropometric and lifestyle cardiovascular risk markers in a cohort study of a Pakistani population with (CHD(+)) and without coronary heart disease (CHD(−))
| Parameter | CHD(+) | CHD(−) |
|---|---|---|
| Data presented as mean (SD) or median (range). | ||
| *p = 0.02 to 0.05; **p = 0.01 to 0.001; ***p<0.001; †defining criteria. | ||
| BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; LDL, low density lipoprotein. | ||
| Age (years) | 51.2 (9.5) | 48.2 (9.5)*** |
| Urban | 72.5% | 67.0% |
| Family history of IHD | 55.3% | 43.7%* |
| Active smoking | 19.0% | 14.8%* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (2.6) | 25.3 (2.6) |
| Waist (cm)† | 90.8 (6.7) | 88.5 (8.0)* |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.94 (0.05) | 0.91 (0.06)*** |
| Diabetes | 9.3% | 4.7%*** |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg)† | 130 (17)/83 (9) | 128 (19)/83 (10) |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 103 (37) | 93 (19)** |
| Glucose (mmol/l)† | 6.84 (2.05) | 6.06 (1.16)** |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 23 (2–449) | 2 (2–424)* |
| HOMA insulin resistance | 1.40 (0.07–33.0) | 0.12 (0.07–41.0)* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.28 (0.79) | 4.25 (0.74) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)† | 1.24 (0.37–3.62) | 1.18 (0.08–3.98) |
| HDL (mmol/l)† | 0.73 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.17)*** |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 2.92 (0.99) | 2.71 (0.93) |
| Apolipoprotein A I (g/l) | 1.09 (0.12) | 1.19 (0.15)*** |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/l) | 0.93 (0.23) | 0.91 (0.27) |
| Lp(a) lipoprotein (g/l) | 0.06 (0.02–0.65) | 0.05 (0.02–0.45)* |
| Fibrinogen (g/l) | 2.20 (0.10–10.6) | 2.00 (0.10–20.3) |
| C reactive protein (mg/l) | 8.0 (0.2–175) | 3.4 (0.2–61)*** |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 18 (6–92) | 19 (7–69) |