ACE inhibitor | NT-proBNP (pmol/l) | p Value | ||||||
Variable | Yes | No | p Value | Quartile 1 (≤254) | Quartile 2 (254–786.3) | Quartile 3 (786.4–2237.4) | Quartile 4 (≥2237.4) | |
Median age (range) | 67 (24–95) | 67 (32–97) | 0.574 | 58 (33–86) | 65 (32–91) | 70 (36–95) | 75 (24–97) | <0.001 |
Male/female, % | 74/26 | 72/28 | 0.216 | 82/18 | 74/16 | 68/32 | 64/36 | <0.001 |
Index diagnosis | ||||||||
STEMI, N (%) | 746 (58.8) | 225 (49.3) | 0.001 | 194 (45) | 232 (54) | 255 (59) | 288 (70) | <0.001 |
NSTEMI, N (%) | 523 (41.2) | 231 (50.7) | 237 (55) | 199 (46) | 175 (41) | 142 (30) | <0.001 | |
Anterior site, N (%) | 491 (38.8) | 169 (36.9) | 0.259 | 150 (35) | 144 (33) | 188 (44) | 178 (41) | 0.004 |
Biochemical parameters† | ||||||||
Peak CK, IU/l (NR<200) | 806 (45–8078) | 373 (29–9523) | <0.001 | 687 (34–5021) | 687 (29–7264) | 853 (18–6907) | 754 (45–9523) | <0.001 |
Peak troponin I, μg/l | ||||||||
(NR<0.06) | 11.0 (0.06–150) | 1.9 (0.06–67) | <0.001 | 5.9 (0.06–120) | 6.63 (0.06–120) | 9.97 (0.06–150) | 7.9 (0.06–150) | <0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.76 m2 | 67 (12–244) | 66(12–163) | 0.074 | 75 (29–244) | 69 (12–184) | 65 (16–166) | 53 (12–163) | <0.001 |
Admission glucose, mmol/l | 7.2 (3.0–37.0) | 7.4 (3.0–39.7) | 0.08 | 6.8 (1.7–22.4) | 7.6 (4.6–19.3) | 8.1 (4.0–39.7) | 8.5 (4.5–27.9) | <0.001 |
Clinical data | ||||||||
Killip class II–IV, % | 46.9 | 36.4 | <0.001 | 24 | 37 | 47 | 67 | <0.001 |
LVEF†, % | 40 (4–87) | 40 (2–77) | 0.226 | 48 (3–77) | 43 (4–87) | 39 (5–76) | 35 (2–62) | <0.001 |
Prior history, % | ||||||||
CHD | 33.3 | 40.9 | 0.002 | 29 | 32 | 34 | 47 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 49.2 | 43.1 | 0.015 | 36 | 50 | 50 | 54 | <0.001 |
Heart failure | 4.5 | 2.0 | 0.008 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 8.1 | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 23.9 | 19.6 | 0.069 | 17 | 21 | 24 | 29 | <0.001 |
Treatment, % | ||||||||
Thrombolytic treatment* | 66.8 | 63.3 | 0.373 | 71 | 72 | 64 | 61 | 0.04 |
ACEI or ARB | – | – | – | 70 | 75 | 78 | 71 | 0.02 |
Aspirin | 90.2 | 78.6 | <0.001 | 92 | 89 | 86 | 81 | <0.001 |
β Blocker | 83.2 | 67.0 | <0.001 | 84 | 82 | 79 | 70 | <0.001 |
Statin | 84.5 | 54.6 | <0.001 | 84 | 79 | 78 | 65 | <0.001 |
Diuretic | 33.7 | 24.9 | <0.001 | 16 | 26 | 34 | 48 | <0.001 |
CCB | 14.8 | 22.0 | <0.001 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 0.710 |
In-hospital revascularisation | 18.8 | 12.8 | <0.007 | 25.4 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 9.8 | <0.001 |
MACE, N (rate per patient-year of follow-up ×10-4) | – | – | – | 70 (1.48) | 93 (2.0) | 140 (3.72) | 224 (6.86) | <0.001 |
p Values are reported for Mann–Whitney U tests (for comparing non-Gaussian distributed continuous variables), Fisher's test (for categorical variables) and analysis of variance (using parametric or non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests for Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributed variables).
↵* % of patients with STEMI receiving thrombolysis.
↵† median (range).
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CHD, coronary heart disease—that is, myocardial infarction or angina; CK, creatine kinase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; NR, normal range; NSTEMI, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction.