Study characteristics
| Study | Randomised patients (trimetazidine/placebo) | Intervention (dose/day) | Follow-up interval | Inclusion criteria | Endpoints |
| Gunes et al21 | 87 (51/36) | 60 mg/day | 3 Months | Chronic stable HF, NYHA class II–IV, LVEF ≤40% | Echocardiographic parameters, NYHA class |
| Marazzi et al22 | 47 (23/24) | 40 mg/day | 6 Months | Age ≥60 years, chronic stable ischaemic HF, LVEF <50% | QOL, NYHA class |
| Belardinelli et al23 | 116 (60/56) | 60 mg/day | 8 Weeks | Stable ischaemic HF, LVEF ≤40% | Echocardiographic parameters, exercise testing, blood chemistry |
| Tuunanen et al24 | 19 (12/7) | 70 mg/day | 3 Months | IDCM with LVEF ≤47% | Echocardiographic parameters, myocardial metabolism, blood chemistry |
| Belardinelli et al25 | 34 (19/16) | 60 mg/day | 3 Months | Diabetes, stable ischaemic HF | Myocardial scintigraphy parameters, blood chemistry |
| Di Napoli et al | 61 (30/31) | 60 mg/day | 48 Months | Chronic stable ischaemic HF, LVEF ≤40% | All-cause mortality, hospitalisation, NYHA class, exercise capacity, LVEF, CRP |
| Sisakian et al37 | 82 (42/40) | 70 mg/day | 3 Months | Stable ischaemic HF, LVEF <40% | Echocardiographic parameters, exercise capacity, NYHA |
| Di Napoli et al26 | 50 (25/25) | 60 mg/day | 6 Months | Ischaemic HF, LVEF ≤35% | Exercise capacity, LVEF, NYHA class, BNP |
| Fragasso et al27 | 65 (34/31) | 60 mg/day | 12 Months | Chronic stable HF, NYHA class II to IV, LVEF ≤45% | Hospitalisation, cardiovascular events, NYHA class, Echocardiographic parameters, QOL, BNP |
| Fragasso et al28 | 12/12 | 60 mg/day | 90 Days | Chronic stable HF, LVEF ≤45% | NYHA class, QOL, echocardiographic parameters, BNP, ergometric results |
| El-Kady et al35 | 200 (100/100) | 60 mg/day | 24 Months | Stable ischaemic HF, LVEF <50% | SPECT parameters, exercise tests, LVEF |
| Vitale et al30 | 47 (23/24) | 60 mg/day | 6 Months | Age ≥65 years, chronic stable ischaemic HF, LVEF <50% | Cardiovascular events, hospitalisation, echocardiographic parameters, QOL |
| Thrainsdottir et al31 | 20/20 | 60 mg/day | 4 Weeks | Diabetes, stable ischaemic HF, NYHA class II–III, LVEF ≤40% | Exercise test, echocardiographic parameters |
| Rosano et al32 | 32 (16/16) | 60 mg/day | 6 Months | Diabetes, stable ischaemic HF, LVEF <50% | Echocardiographic parameters |
| Fragasso et al33 | 16/16 | 60 mg/day | 6 Months | Diabetes, stable ischaemic HF, LVEF ≤40% | Echocardiographic parameters, blood chemistry parameters |
| Belardinelli et al34 | 44 (22/22) | 60 mg/day | 2 Months | Chronic stable cardiomyopathy | Exercise test, echocardiographic parameters |
| Brottier et al36 | 23 (10/13) | 60 mg/day | 6 Months | Severe ischaemic HF, NYHA III–IV | Echocardiographic parameters |
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; HF, heart failure; IDCM, idiopathic cardiomyopathy; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; QOL, quality of life; SPECT, single photon emission CT.