Characteristics | Optimal (n=1165) | Pre-HTN (n=1765) | Stage 1 (n=1049) | Stage 2 (n=429) | p Value* |
Age, years | 71.9 (4.5) | 72.6 (4.7) | 73.4 (5.2) | 74.4 (5.4) | <0.001 |
Male, % | 44.5 | 47.6 | 48.0 | 47.1 | 0.18 |
Black, % | 13.7 | 19.4 | 20.2 | 21.7 | <0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 (4.1) | 26.2 (4.2) | 26.6 (4.3) | 26.2 (4.7) | <0.001 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 64 (10) | 65 (11) | 66 (10) | 65 (12) | 0.004 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 110 (8) | 129 (6) | 148 (6) | 172 (12) | – |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 63 (8) | 70 (9) | 75 (10) | 80 (12) | – |
Smoking status† | |||||
Current, % | 14.8 | 13.0 | 10.8 | 12.6 | 0.002 |
Former, % | 43.2 | 42.5 | 41.5 | 39.9 | |
Diabetes, % | 4.9 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 0.028 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy, % | 2.2 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 8.9 | <0.001 |
Coronary heart disease, % | 6.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 0.002 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 100 (22) | 104 (31) | 106 (30) | 108 (35) | <0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.00 (0.36) | 1.01 (0.31) | 1.02 (0.24) | 1.07 (0.55) | 0.009 |
Albumin, mg/dl | 3.96 (0.29) | 3.99 (0.30) | 4.01 (0.29) | 4.03 (0.30) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 208 (40) | 208 (36) | 212 (39) | 216 (40) | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 127 (37) | 127 (33) | 130 (35) | 134 (36) | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 56 (17) | 55 (16) | 56 (17) | 56 (16) | 0.53 |
Triglycerides, mg/dl‡ | 107 (86, 146) | 115 (88, 154) | 118 (90, 155) | 113 (89, 152) | 0.001 |
Values represent mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.
↵* Non-parametric test for trend across categories.
↵† For trend calculation, we assigned the following values: never=0; former=1; current=2.
↵‡ Values represent median (25th centile, 75th centile).
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HTN=hypertension; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.