Baseline clinical characteristics of patients
| Variables | CIN (n=148) | Non-CIN (n=893) | p Value |
| Men | 83 (56.1%) | 665 (74.5%) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 67.6±11.8 | 61.8±12.1 | <0.001 |
| Age >75 years | 44 (29.7%) | 127 (14.2%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5±3.2 | 24.2±3.5 | 0.047 |
| BMI <24 kg/m2 | 92 (62.2%) | 421 (47.1%) | 0.002 |
| Smokers | 48 (32.4%) | 346 (38.7%) | 0.170 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 57 (38.5%) | 212 (23.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 85 (57.4%) | 424 (47.5%) | 0.023 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 49 (33.1%) | 348 (39.0%) | 0.175 |
| Renal failure, SCr >1.5 mg/dl (>132.6 μmol/l) | 31 (20.9%) | 58 (6.5%) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke | 9 (6.1%) | 52 (5.8%) | 0.899 |
| Previous MI | 10 (6.8%) | 49 (5.5%) | 0.536 |
| Previous PCI | 19 (12.8%) | 118 (13.2%) | 0.900 |
| Previous CABG | 5 (3.4%) | 17 (1.9%) | 0.225 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| STEMI | 66 (44.6%) | 449 (50.3%) | 0.200 |
| NSTEMI | 82 (55.4%) | 444 (49.7%) | 0.200 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 37 (25.0%) | 129 (14.4%) | 0.001 |
| Use of IABP | 17 (11.5%) | 42 (4.7%) | 0.001 |
| Heart failure (LVEF <40%) | 54 (36.5%) | 160 (17.9%) | <0.001 |
| Mean LVEF, % | 42.6±13.1 | 49.3±12.4 | <0.001 |
| Multivessel disease | 101 (68.2%) | 531 (59.5%) | 0.043 |
| Anaemia* | 49 (33.1%) | 159 (17.8%) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dl | 13.1±2.3 | 14.1±2.0 | <0.001 |
| Primary PCI | 55 (37.2%) | 375 (42.0%) | 0.269 |
| Contrast volume, ml | 229±74 | 217±72 | 0.071 |
| Contrast volume >300 ml | 39 (26.4%) | 141 (15.8%) | 0.002 |
| Renal function | |||
| Pre-PCI SCr, mg/dl (μmol/l) | 1.25±0.76 (110.5±67.2) | 1.03±0.31 (91.1±27.4) | 0.001 |
| Pre-PCI CCr, ml/min | 59.3±30.1 | 71.9±25.7 | <0.001 |
| Pre-PCI CCr <60 ml/min | 85 (57.4%) | 292 (32.7%) | <0.001 |
| Post-PCI peak SCr, mg/dl (μmol/l) | 1.91±1.23 (168.8±108.7) | 1.04±0.31 (91.9±27.4) | <0.001 |
| Mehran score | 9.4±6.8 | 5.4±4.9 | <0.001 |
| Medication | |||
| Aspirin | 145 (98.0%) | 866 (97.0%) | 0.789 |
| Thienopyridine | 127 (85.8%) | 807 (90.4%) | 0.091 |
| Beta blocker | 112 (75.7%) | 717 (80.4%) | 0.197 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 118 (79.7%) | 756 (84.7%) | 0.130 |
| Statin | 123 (83.1%) | 787 (88.1%) | 0.088 |
↵* Defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women.
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CCr, creatinine clearance; CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SCr, serum creatinine; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.