Demographic and clinical characteristics of 2420 study participants by BDI-I score
| Variable | Level of depression | |||
| No depression 0≤ BDI-I <10 (n=1732) | Mild depression 10≤ BDI-I <20 (n=547) | Moderate to severe depression BDI-I≥20 (n=141) | p Value* | |
| Age (years) | 55.9 (6.9) | 57.0 (7.5) | 58.4 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 894 (52) | 233 (43) | 50 (36) | <0.001† |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.5 (2.8) | 24.1 (2.9) | 24.6 (3.3) | 0.006 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 64.9 (9.2) | 65.1 (9.5) | 66.1 (9.8) | 0.310 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 114.6 (14.7) | 114.7 (14.8) | 114.1 (15.3) | 0.921 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76.3 (9.5) | 75.4 (9.4) | 73.7 (9.0) | 0.002 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 89.1 (10.5) | 88.5 (10.2) | 87.2 (10.0) | 0.086 |
| Current smoking (%) | 218 (13) | 81 (15) | 19 (14) | 0.404† |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 201.9 (35.0) | 201.1 (37.4) | 201.5 (38.6) | 0.884 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 44.3 (10.7) | 46.0 (11.7) | 45.2 (9.6) | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 145.4 (101.0) | 141.5 (108.6) | 143.5 (79.4) | 0.595 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 100.3 (26.9) | 99.4 (27.6) | 103.6 (35.7) | 0.272 |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | 9.3 (6.4) | 9.5 (9.4) | 12.0 (21.8) | 0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/l) | 1.33 (2.90) | 1.30 (2.88) | 1.46 (2.50) | 0.856 |
| Hypertension (%) | 524 (30) | 181 (33) | 53 (38) | 0.117† |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 310 (18) | 112 (21) | 30 (22) | 0.263† |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 567 (33) | 158 (29) | 52 (37) | 0.111† |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 390 (23) | 144 (26) | 41 (29) | 0.059† |
| Antidiabetic medication (%) | 129 (7.4) | 57 (10) | 22 (16) | 0.001† |
| BDI-I score | 4.0 (2.7) | 13.6 (2.8) | 25.4 (5.4) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean (SD) or percentage.
↵* p Value based on a one-way analysis of variance.
↵† p Value based on a χ2 test.
BDI-I, Beck depression inventory I; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.