Table 2

Predictors of HF

Univariable	OR	95% CI	p Value
Congenital heart disease	0.3	(0.2 to 0.4)	<0.001
Valvular heart disease	1.9	(1.4 to 2.7)	<0.001
Cardiomyopathy	4.8	(3.0 to 7.88)	<0.001
Ischaemic heart disease	0.6	(0.1 to 2.4)	0.45
Right-sided lesion	0.4	(0.2 to 0.6)	<0.001
Left-sided lesion	2.7	(1.9 to 3.8)	<0.001
Shunt lesion	0.7	(0.5 to 1.0)	0.08
Cyanotic lesion	0.4	(0.2 to 0.6)	<0.001
NYHA class ≥3	6.2	(3.7 to 10.5)	<0.001
WHO ≥3	5.3	(3.7 to 7.6)	<0.001
Nulliparity	0.7	(0.5 to 0.9)	0.02
Hypertension	1.3	(0.7 to 2.3)	0.45
Smoking	1.3	(0.6 to 3.0)	0.53
Developing countries	3.2	(2.2 to 4.6)	<0.001
Signs of HF prior to pregnancy	17.3	(11.6 to 25.7)	<0.001
Rhythm: atrial fibrillation before pregnancy	5.1	(2.3 to 11.4)	<0.001
Pulmonary hypertension	4.5	(3.1 to 6.6)	<0.001
Mechanical valves	0.5	(0.2 to 1.5)	0.25
Any medication before pregnancy	1.6	(1.1 to 2.2)	0.011
Echo prior to pregnancy: systemic ventricular function moderate/ severely impaired	4.2	(1.7 to 10.3)	0.002
FS <30	3.4	(1.3 to 8.9)	0.02
Pulmonary ventricular function moderate/severely impaired	3.1	(0.9 to 10.5)	0.07
Multivariable
Valvular heart disease	1.0	(0.5 to 1.7)	0.88
Cardiomyopathy	4.6	(2.3 to 9.1)	<0.001
Developing countries	0.9	(0.5 to 1.6)	0.77
NYHA class ≥3	2.3	(1.2 to 4.4)	0.01
WHO ≥3	2.3	(1.5 to 3.6)	<0.001
Any medication before pregnancy	0.8	(0.4 to 1.0)	0.08
Rhythm: atrial fibrillation before pregnancy	2.4	(0.8 to 6.9)	0.11
Signs of HF prior to pregnancy	9.6	(5.9 to 15.5)	<0.001
Pulmonary hypertension	1.8	(1.0 to 3.0)	0.04
Left-sided lesion	1.6	(1.0 to 2.7)	0.07