The risk of visceral adiposity measured by ultrasound in the presence or absence of cardiometabolic dysfunction on recurrent vascular events and mortality
| Events/n | Age and sex adjusted HR | Multivariable adjusted HR* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major cardiovascular events† | |||
| Lowest tertile | |||
| Without CMD | 54/937 | 1 | 1 |
| With CMD | 49/463 | 1.70 (1.16 to 2.51) | 1.44 (0.97 to 2.12) |
| Intermediate tertile | |||
| Without CMD | 43/640 | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.64) | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.64) |
| With CMD | 84/732 | 1.91 (1.36 to 2.69) | 1.60 (1.13 to 2.26) |
| Highest tertile | |||
| Without CMD | 33/425 | 1.24 (0.80 to 1.91) | 1.23 (0.80 to 1.91) |
| With CMD | 138/1022 | 2.07 (1.51 to 2.84) | 1.70 (1.24 to 2.35) |
| All-cause mortality | |||
| Lowest tertile | |||
| Without CMD | 43/937 | 1 | 1 |
| With CMD | 52/463 | 2.24 (1.49 to 3.35) | 1.75 (1.16 to 2.63) |
| Intermediate tertile | |||
| Without CMD | 51/640 | 1.56 (1.04 to 2.34) | 1.53 (1.02 to 2.29) |
| With CMD | 72/732 | 2.00 (1.37 to 2.91) | 1.62 (1.11 to 2.38) |
| Highest tertile | |||
| Without CMD | 39/425 | 1.72 (1.11 to 2.65) | 1.66 (1.08 to 2.57) |
| With CMD | 133/1022 | 2.21 (1.57 to 3.12) | 1.73 (1.22 to 2.46) |
CMD, cardiometabolic dysfunction (≥3 risk factors). Risk factors: (i) elevated blood pressure (≥130 mm Hg SBP and/or ≥85 mm Hg DBP, (ii) hypertriglyceridaemia (≥1.70 mmol/L), (iii) low HDL (<1.03 mmol/L for men and <1.30 for women), (iv) high fasting glucose (>5.6 mmol/L) and (v) elevated hsCRP (≥2 mg/L).
*Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, use of lipid lowering agents, use of anti-platelet agents, number of affected vascular territories and years since first vascular event.
†Major cardiovascular events is a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, retinal infarction and vascular mortality.
hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.