Distribution of cardiovascular and offspring events by primary type of congenital heart disease in 213 completed pregnancies
| Cardiovascular events n (%) | Offspring events n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal congenital lesion | N | % | PCE | SCE | ||||
| Atrial septal defects | 21 | 9.9 | 1 | (4.8) | 5 | (23.8) | 10 | (47.6) |
| Ventricular septal defects | 26 | 12.2 | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (7.7) | 6 | (23.1) |
| Atrioventricular septal defects | 8 | 3.8 | 2 | (25.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 3 | (37.5) |
| APVR | 6 | 2.8 | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (50.0) |
| Pulmonary stenosis | 22 | 10.3 | 1 | (4.5) | 1 | (4.5) | 9 | (40.9) |
| AoS/BiAoV | 29 | 13.6 | 4 | (13.8) | 9 | (31.0) | 13 | (44.8) |
| Aortic coarctation | 26 | 12.2 | 1 | (3.8) | 4 | (15.4) | 5 | (19.2) |
| Connective tissue disorders* | 9 | 4.2 | 1 | (11.1)† | 2 | (22.2) | 3 | (33.3) |
| Ebstein's anomaly | 4 | 1.9 | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (50.0) |
| Tetralogy of Fallot‡ | 40 | 18.8 | 5 | (12.5) | 8 | (20.0) | 18 | (43.9) |
| TGA§ | 15 | 7.0 | 4 | (26.7) | 3 | (20.0) | 3 | (20.0) |
| Fontan circulation | 3 | 1.4 | 1 | (33.3) | 2 | (66.7) | 3 | (100.0) |
| Other corrected complex cyanotic heart defects¶ | 2 | 0.9 | 1 | (50.0)** | 2 | (100.0) | 1 | (50.0) |
| Other†† | 2 | 0.9 | 1 | (50.0)‡‡ | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (100.0) |
| Total | 213 | 100 | 22 | (10.3) | 39 | (18.3) | 81§§ | (37.3) |
Values are number of pregnancies.
*1 Loeys Dietz, all others Marfan.
†In a patient with Marfan.
‡All corrected; three patients with a double-outlet RV (Fallot type); All cardiovascular and offspring events occurred in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.
§TGA: D-TGA with mustard or senning correction (n=12); D-TGA with arterial switch correction (n=2); congenital corrected TGA (n=1).
¶One patient with a corrected truncus arteriosus, type A; one patient with pulmonary atresia, atrial septal defect, and intact intraventricular septum.
**In the patient with pulmonary atresia, atrial septal defect, and intact intraventricular septum.
††One patient with a right-sided aortic arch and one patient with an isolated cleft mitral valve, corrected with a mechanical valve (St Jude 25 mm).
‡‡In the patient with the isolated cleft mitral valve, corrected with a mechanical valve (St. Jude 25 mm).
§§81 offspring events in 213 pregnancies, including 4 twin pregnancies.
AoS/BiAoV, congenital aortic valve stenosis or bicuspid aortic valve; APVR, anomalous pulmonary venous return; PCE, primary cardiovascular events; SCE, secondary cardiovascular events; TGA, transposition of the great arteries.