Characteristics of the subjects according to baseline resting heart rate (RHR) in a cross-sectional study in 2006
| RHR stratification, bpm | 45–54 | 55–64 | 65–74 | 75–84 | 85–94 | 95–104 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of subjects | 1269 | 13 073 | 37 381 | 28 043 | 7457 | 2637 | |
| Mean RHR, bpm | 51.69±2.17 | 60.86±2.45 | 69.84±2.27 | 78.60±1.83 | 88.92±2.64 | 98.93±2.73 | <0.0001 |
| Males (%) | 1082 (85.26) | 10 545 (80.66) | 29 316 (78.42) | 22 553 (80.42) | 6095 (81.74) | 2214 (83.96) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | 55.08±12.91 | 52.49±12.40 | 50.90±12.17 | 50.36±12.29 | 50.70±12.96 | 52.53±13.41 | <0.0001 |
| Education | |||||||
| Illiteracy (%) | 25 (2.06) | 144 (1.15) | 348 (0.96) | 252 (0.92) | 96 (1.32) | 33 (1.28) | <0.0001 |
| Primary school (%) | 150 (12.39) | 1171 (9.33) | 3110 (8.59) | 2299 (8.35) | 629 (8.62) | 263 (10.24) | |
| Middle school (%) | 931 (76.88) | 10 178 (81.09) | 30 188 (83.34) | 23 124 (84.03) | 6061 (83.04) | 2126 (82.76) | |
| College/university (%) | 105 (8.67) | 1058 (8.43) | 2578 (7.12) | 1843 (6.70) | 513 (7.03) | 147 (5.72) | |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never (%) | 699 (56.33) | 7536 (59.53) | 21 979 (60.41) | 16 374 (59.23) | 4309 (58.56) | 1584 (61.16) | <0.0001 |
| Former (%) | 93 (7.49) | 781 (6.17) | 1903 (5.23) | 1346 (4.87) | 387 (5.26) | 151 (5.83) | |
| Current (%) | 449 (36.18) | 4342 (34.30) | 12 499 (34.36) | 9924 (35.90) | 2662 (36.18) | 855 (33.01) | |
| Alcohol drinking | |||||||
| Never (%) | 658 (53.02) | 7078 (55.88) | 21 461 (58.97) | 16 291 (58.92) | 4299 (58.42) | 1587 (61.27) | <0.0001 |
| Former (%) | 60 (4.83) | 439 (3.47) | 1271 (3.49) | 876 (3.17) | 277 (3.76) | 92 (3.55) | |
| Current (%) | 523 (42.14) | 5150 (40.66) | 13 662 (37.54) | 10 482 (37.91) | 2783 (37.82) | 911 (35.17) | |
| Physical activities | |||||||
| Inactive (%) | 83 (6.85) | 981 (7.84) | 2995 (8.29) | 2740 (9.97) | 758 (10.40) | 239 (9.32) | <0.0001 |
| Moderately active (%) | 876 (72.34) | 9535 (76.18) | 27 156 (75.18) | 20 789 (75.66) | 5694 (78.11) | 2040 (79.53) | |
| Very active (%) | 252 (20.81) | 2001 (15.99) | 5968 (16.52) | 3947 (14.37) | 838 (11.50) | 286 (11.15) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 410 (32.31) | 4520 (34.58) | 15 250 (40.80) | 12 800 (45.64) | 3792 (50.85) | 1528 (57.94) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 332 (26.16) | 3896 (29.80) | 12 479 (33.38) | 10 200 (36.37) | 2903 (38.93) | 1031 (39.10) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 56 (4.41) | 753 (5.76) | 2889 (7.73) | 2788 (9.94) | 1015 (13.61) | 448 (16.99) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.35±3.29 | 24.74±3.36 | 25.09±3.44 | 25.13±3.52 | 25.08±3.67 | 24.77±3.83 | <0.0001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 125.50±20.53 | 126.59±20.03 | 129.26±20.27 | 131.99±20.73 | 135.37±22.22 | 138.10±22.84 | <0.0001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78.28±10.08 | 80.48±10.78 | 82.68±11.23 | 84.55±12.07 | 85.95±12.54 | 87.33±12.99 | <0.0001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.38±1.03 | 1.52±1.16 | 1.65±1.33 | 1.73±1.47 | 1.86±1.58 | 1.89±1.53 | <0.0001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.58±0.39 | 1.57±0.40 | 1.56±0.40 | 1.53±0.40 | 1.57±0.42 | 1.63±0.45 | <0.0001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.13±0.82 | 2.21±0.88 | 2.34±0.94 | 2.41±0.90 | 2.36±0.88 | 2.34±0.90 | <0.0001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.75±1.17 | 4.86±1.12 | 4.91±1.15 | 5.01±1.12 | 5.06±1.20 | 5.08±1.19 | <0.0001 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.02±1.23 | 5.20±1.28 | 5.35±1.50 | 5.58±1.71 | 5.84±2.08 | 6.16±2.50 | <0.0001 |
| CRP*, mg/L | 0.65 (0.24–1.80) | 0.71 (0.29–2.04) | 0.80 (0.30–2.26) | 0.80 (0.30–2.01) | 0.97 (0.36–2.51) | 1.03 (0.38–2.96) | <0.0001 |
| UA, mmol/L | 299.19±82.84 | 290.75±82.24 | 287.04±82.18 | 287.61±83.09 | 293.68±87.14 | 290.92±87.82 | <0.0001 |
| CR, µmol/L | 91.25±32.07 | 90.25±26.95 | 92.88±30.44 | 90.74±30.41 | 90.84±33.20 | 89.76±31.66 | <0.0001 |
| WC, cm | 86.16±9.41 | 86.68±10.11 | 86.76±9.94 | 87.32±10.05 | 87.54±10.50 | 86.93±10.54 | <0.0001 |
| β-Blocker use (%) | 4 (0.32) | 43 (0.33) | 102 (0.27) | 86 (0.31) | 25 (0.34) | 11 (0.42) | 0.7255 |
*CRP was not normally distributed and values presented are median (IQR).
BMI, body mass index; CR, creatine; CRP, C reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; UA, uric acid; WC, waist circumference.