Baseline demographics of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) vs controls (values represent mean±SD or median (IQR) as appropriate)
| rTOF* (n=90) | Controls (n=15) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 32.7±11.27 | 30.3±4.99 | 0.82 |
| Gender (male/female) | 53/32 | 7/8 | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.4±4.94 | 24.4±2.76 | 0.92 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 84±15 | 70±8 | <0.05 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 116.6±15.2 | 113.2±14.5 | 0.45 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.5±11.4 | 73.5±8.5 | 0.76 |
| ANP (pmol/L) | 6.9 (4.0–9.9) | 3.3 (1.0–4.0) | <0.05 |
| BNP (pmol/L) | 8.9 (5.9–14.6) | 5.4 (2.2–7.5) | <0.05 |
| Endothelin-1 (pmol/L) | 1.14 (0.94–1.48) | 0.75 (0.44–0.93) | <0.05 |
| Renin (pmol/L) | 55.0 (45.5–66.5) | 18.6 (12.0–22.7) | <0.05 |
| Aldosterone (nmol/L) | 357 (295–450) | 320 (250–402) | 0.10 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.8±1.64 | 14.2±1.14 | 0.21 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.3±2.16 | 137.4±1.84 | 0.15 |
| Creatinine (micmol/L) | 78.8±19.4 | 76.8±9.6 | 0.69 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 7.51±3.57 | 6.13±1.96 | 0.16 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 147±28.3 | ||
| Cardiothoracic ratio (%) | 55±6 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (n=65 with RER >1) | |||
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 27.0±8.4 | ||
| Predicted peak VO2 (%) | 79.4±18.1 | ||
| VE/VCO2 (mL/kg/min) | 29.5±7.4 | ||
| Anaerobic threshold (mL/kg/min) | 16.9±5.2 | ||
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||
| NYHA Class I | 64 (71) | ||
| NYHA Class II | 20 (22) | ||
| NYHA Classes III and IV | 6 (7) | ||
| Age at primary repair (years) | 6.0 (IQR 0.25–48.0) | ||
| Surgical history, n (%) | |||
| Previous palliative procedure | 42 (47) | ||
| Blalock–Taussig shunt | 23 (26) | ||
| Waterston shunt | 13 (14) | ||
| Brock procedure | 6 (7) | ||
| Nature of repair, n (%) | |||
| Transannular patch | 45 (50) | ||
| RVOT patch | 23 (26) | ||
| Conduit insertion | 11 (12) | ||
| Surgical history not available | 11 (12) | ||
| Redo surgery for pulmonary valve replacement | 12 (13) | ||
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers | 5 (6) | ||
| β blockers | 6 (7) | ||
| Digoxin | 3 (4) | ||
| Diuretics | 9 (11) | ||
| Antiarrhythmics (Amiodarone, Sotalol) | 12 (14) | ||
Statistically significant p values are highlighted in bold.
*Nine (10%) patients have pulmonary atresia subtype, 1 patient with absent pulmonary valve and 1 double outlet RV.
ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; VE/VCO2, ventilatory efficiency; VO2, peak oxygen uptake; RVOT, RV outflow tract; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CRP, C-reactive protein; RER, respiratory exchange ratio.