Characteristics of deceased patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
| Total (n=83) | Alive (n=75) | Deceased (n=8) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at study, years | 32.7±11.6 | 32.2±11.3 | 37.5±13.4 | 0.22 |
| Neurohormones | ||||
| ANP (pmol/L) | 6.9 (3.8–10.3) | 6.9 (3.5–9.9) | 7.4 (4.7–51.0) | 0.30 |
| BNP (pmol/L) | 9.0 (5.9–15.3) | 8.9 (5.9–14.1) | 15.5 (6.3–38.8) | 0.53 |
| Endothelin-1 (pmol/L) | 1.06 (0.93–1.37) | 1.10 (0.95–1.37) | 0.78 (0.65–0.78) | 0.20 |
| Renin (pmol/L) | 55.0 (45.0–67.0) | 55.0 (45.0–68.0) | 52.0 (45.3–64.0) | 0.40 |
| Aldosterone (nmol/L) | 357.0 (295.0–451.3) | 355.0 (295.0–415.3) | 576.0 (276.3–788.0) | 0.18 |
| Biochemical parameters | ||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.7±1.66 | 14.8±1.63 | 14.4±2.05 | 0.38 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.3±2.11 | 138.3±2.15 | 138.5±1.77 | 0.77 |
| Creatinine (micmol/L) | 77.8±19.4 | 76.1±14.5 | 94.4±43.5 | 0.28 |
| Urate (micmol/L) | 325.6±79.3 | 326.6±81.5 | 316.8±58.0 | 0.74 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 5.06±4.33 | 7.84±3.72 | 6.50±2.81 | 0.40 |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (RER >1) | (n=58) | (n=7) | ||
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 26.3±8.1 | 26.6±8.1 | 23.8±8.3 | 0.35 |
| Predicted peak VO2 (%) | 77.1±19.2 | 77.8±19.2 | 71.0±18.8 | 0.38 |
| VE/VCO2 (mL/kg/min) | 30.6±8.0 | 30.4±7.9 | 31.8±9.6 | 0.67 |
| Anaerobic threshold (mL/kg/min) | 15.9±4.8 | 16.1±4.9 | 14.2±3.3 | 0.36 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 145±28 | 144±28 | 148±31 | 0.70 |
| Cardiothoracic ratio | 0.56±0.06 | 0.55±0.06 | 0.65±0.07 | <0.05 |
| CMR parameters | ||||
| RVEDV indexed (mL/m2) | 128.1±43.5 | 124.5±37.6 | 165.6±78.0 | 0.22 |
| RVESV indexed (mL/m2) | 62.3±34.7 | 59.1±27.9 | 95.6±70.8 | 0.03 |
| RVSV indexed (mL/m2) | 65.6±19.2 | 65.1±19.3 | 70.0±18.9 | 0.52 |
| RVEF (%) | 52.7±10.7 | 53.4±10.5 | 46.1±11.6 | 0.09 |
| RV indexed mass (g/m2) | 56.7±17.2 | 55.8±16.6 | 65.3±22.4 | 0.17 |
| LVEDV indexed (mL/m2) | 72.5±19.4 | 71.4±17.9 | 84.0±30.2 | 0.43 |
| LVESV indexed (mL/m2) | 26.9±10.6 | 45.6±11.5 | 48.0±16.2 | 0.17 |
| LVSV indexed (mL/m2) | 45.8±11.9 | 44.7±10.4 | 47.9±14.7 | 0.60 |
| LVEF (%) | 63.5±8.0 | 63.3±19.0 | 70.7±21.6 | 0.33 |
| LV indexed mass (g/m2) | 63.9±19.2 | 63.0±13.7 | 65.5±28.4 | 0.69 |
| Indexed RA area (cm2/m2) | 13.2±3.4 | 12.9±3.2 | 16.9±3.3 | <0.01 |
| Indexed LA area (cm2/m2) | 9.4±2.4 | 9.3±2.3 | 12.0±2.8 | 0.03 |
| Pulmonary regurgitant fraction (%) | 29.9±14.8 | 33.5±11.4 | 32.8±7.6 | 0.90 |
ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; LVSV, LV stroke volume; RVEDV, RV end-diastolic volume; RVESV, RV end-systolic volume; RVSV, RV stroke volume; RA, right atrial; LA, left atrial; CRP, C-reactive protein; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; VE/VCO2, ventilatory efficiency; VO2, peak oxygen uptake.