Incidence rates (per 1000 patient-years) and cumulative incidences of AF and stroke 10 and 20 years after diagnosis for those with no closure and after closure for those with closed defects.
| Atrial fibrillation | Stroke | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without closure | After closure* | Without closure | After closure | |
| Incident rates (per 1000 patient-years) | ||||
| Patients with ASD | 23.7 (19–29) | 11.8 (8–18) | 8.5 (6–13) | 4.5 (3–6) |
| Controls | 4.5 (4–5) | 0.8 (0.5–1) | 4.4 (4–5) | 2.5 (2–3) |
| 10-Year CI | ||||
| Patients with ASD | 16% (11–23) | 11% (9–14) | 8% (5–13) | 4% (3–6) |
| Controls | 6% (5–8) | 2% (2–3) | 4% (4–5) | 2% (1–2) |
| 20-Year CI | ||||
| Patients with ASD | 31% (21–50) | 21% (17–25) | 17% (10–27) | 9% (6–13) |
| Controls | 11% (9–13) | 5% (5–7) | 9% (8–11) | 4% (4–5) |
*Patients with no prevalent AF before closure. Controls: general comparison cohort matched to patients in each group.
AF, atrial fibrillation; ASD, atrial septal defect; CI, cumulative incidence.