Summary of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets that have been associated with processes fundamental to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis*
| miR | Target(s) | miR | Target(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis | |||
| miR-10b | ABCA1, ABCG1 | miR-185 | SREBP-2 |
| miR-26 | ABCA1, ARL7 | miR-206 | LXRα |
| miR-27a/b | ABCA1, ACAT1, ANGPTL3, CD36, GPAM, LPL | miR-378 | ABCG1 |
| miR-30c | LPGAT1, MTP | miR-467b | LPL |
| miR-33a/b | ABCA1, ABCG1, AMPKα, CPT1A, CROT, HADHB, IRS2, NPC1, PRKAA1, SREBP-1 | miR-613 | ABCA1, LXRα |
| miR-106b | ABCA1 | miR-758 | ABCA1 |
| miR-144 | ABCA1 | ||
| Endothelial cell dysfunction | |||
| miR-1 | MLCK | miR-221/222 | c-Kit, eNOS, ETS-1, PAK1, p27, p57, STAT5A |
| miR-27a/b | SEMA6A | miR-223 | IGF-1R |
| miR-34a | SIRT1 | miR-365 | BCL-2 |
| miR-92a | KLF2, KLF4, PTEN, SOCS5 | miR-492 | Resistin |
| miR-126-5p | DLK1 | miR-513a-5p | XIAP |
| miR-144 | IDH2 | miR-663 | - |
| miR-146a | NOX4 | miR-712 | TIMP3 |
| miR-155 | AT1R, ETS-1, MLCK | let-7c | BCL-XL |
| miR-216a | BECN1 | let-7g | CASP3, SMAD2, TGFBR1, THBS1 |
| miR-217 | SirT1 | ||
| Inflammation | |||
| miR-9 | ACAT1, PPARδ | miR-126-3p | VCAM-1 |
| miR-10a | MAP3K7, βTRC | miR-145 | JAM-A |
| miR-15a | CARM1 | miR-146a/b | CD40L, IRAK1, IRAK2, TLR4, TRAF6 |
| miR-17-3p | ICAM-1 | miR-147 | – |
| miR-21 | PPARα, TLR4 | miR-155 | BCL-2, ETS-1, FADD, HBP1, MAP3K10 |
| miR-29a | LPL | miR-181a | c-Fos |
| miR-31 | E-selectin | miR-181b | IPOA3 |
| miR-125a-5p | ORP9 | miR-342-5p | AKT1 |
| Vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation | |||
| miR-1 | KLF4, MRTF-A, PIM-1 | miR-181a | OPN |
| miR-21 | BCL-2, PDCD4, PPARα, PTEN, TPM1 | miR-195 | CDC42 |
| miR-26a | SMAD1, SMAD4 | miR-208 | p21 |
| miR-29b | DNMT3b | miR-221/222 | c-Kit, p27, p57 |
| miR-125b | SP7 | miR-490-3p | PAPP-A |
| miR-126 | BCL-2, FOXO3, IRS1 | miR-638 | NOR1 |
| miR-132 | LRRFIP1 | miR-663 | JUNB, MYL9 |
| miR-133 | SP1 | let-7d | KRAS |
| miR-133a | IGF-1R, RUNX2 | let-7g | LOX-1 |
| miR-143/145 | ELK1, fascin, KLF4, KLF5, PDGF-Rα, PKC-ε | ||
* A fully referenced version of this table can be found as online supplementary table S1.
ABCA1, ATP binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1, ATP binding cassette transporter G1; ACAT1, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1; AKT1, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1; AMPKα, AMP kinase subunit-α; ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like 3; ARL7=ADP-ribosylation factor-like 7; AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; BCL-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large; BCL-2=B-cell lymphoma 2; BCL-6, B-cell lymphoma 6; BECN1, Beclin1; CARM1, coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; CASP3, caspase-3; CDC42, cell division control protein 42; CD36, scavenger receptor CD36; CPT1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; CROT, carnitine O-octaniltransferase; DLK1, delta-like 1 homologue; DNMT3b, DNA methyltransferase 3b; ELK1=ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ETS-1, E26 transformation-specific sequence 1; FADD, Fas-associated death domain-containing protein; FOXO3, forkhead box O3; GPAM, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1; HADHB, hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase; HBP1, HMG box-transcription protein 1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2; IGF-1R, insulin like growth factor 1 receptor; IPOA3, importin-α3; IRAK1, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; IRAK2, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2; IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1; IRS2, insulin receptor substrate 2; JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule-A; JUNB, transcription factor Jun-B; KLF2, Krüppel-like factor 2; KLF4, Krüppel-like factor 4; KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue; LOX-1, lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor-1; LPGAT1, lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; LRRFIP1, leucine-rich repeat (in Flightless 1) interacting protein-1; LXRα, liver X receptor α; MAP3K7, mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 7; MAP3K10, mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 10; MLCK, myosin light chain kinase; MYL9, myosin light chain 9; MRTF-A, myocardin-related transcription factor A; MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; NOR1, neuron-derived orphan receptor 1; NOX4, NADPH oxidase 4; NPC1, Niemann-Pick C1; OPN, osteopontin; ORP9, oxysterol binding protein-like 9; PAK1, p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1; PAPP-A, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A; PDCD4=programmed cell death 4; PDGF-Rα, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α; PKC-ε, protein kinase C- ε; PIM-1, serine/threonine-protein kinase PIM-1; PPARα, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α; PPARδ, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-δ; PRKAA1, protein kinase, AMP-activated, α 1 catalytic subunit; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; RUNX2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; SEMA6A, semaphorin 6A; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SirT1, silent information regulator 1; SMAD1, SMAD family member 1; SMAD2, SMAD family member 2; SMAD4, SMAD family member 4; SOCS5, suppressor of cytokine signalling 5; SP1, SP1 transcription factor; SP7, SP7 transcription factor; SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; SREBP-2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; STAT5A, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A; TGFBR1, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; THBS1, thrombospondin 1; TIMP3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; TPM1, tropomyosin 1; TRAF6, TNF receptor associated factor 6; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptotic protein; βTRC, β-transducin repeat-containing.