Unadjusted baseline characteristics of women and men by incident clinical AF during follow-up
| Baseline characteristics | Women with | Men with | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF (n=193) | No AF (n=1043) | AF (n=269) | No AF (n=901) | |
| Age (years) | 66.4 (5.7) | 62.5 (6.0) | 64.2 (6.3) | 61.5 (6.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 157.1 (23.8) | 145.2 (22.7) | 148.7 (22.7) | 145.3 (19.9) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 86.2 (14.4) | 82.2 (12.3) | 86.2 (12.5) | 85.4 (11.4) |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 73.9 (13.7) | 75.2 (11.6) | 69.9 (13.2) | 71.4 (12.5) |
| Height (cm) | 161.6 (6.7) | 161.1 (6.1) | 175.3 (7.1) | 174.7 (6.6) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.9 (5.2) | 26.0 (4.3) | 26.9 (3.6) | 25.9 (3.2) |
| BSA (m2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 7.13 (1.13) | 7.08 (1.24) | 6.58 (1.14) | 6.57 (1.19) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.67 (0.45) | 1.68 (0.42) | 1.40 (0.39) | 1.44 (0.40) |
| Alcohol, % (n) | ||||
| No alcohol | 37.2 (71) | 30.4 (315) | 13.8 (37) | 13.6 (122) |
| Low alcohol intake (0–4 times/month) | 61.3 (117) | 61.8 (641) | 65.7 (176) | 65.4 (587) |
| High alcohol intake (≥5 times/month) | 1.6 (3) | 7.9 (82) | 20.5 (55) | 21.0 (188) |
| Smoking, % (n) | ||||
| No Smoking | 48.2 (93) | 45.9 (479) | 21.2 (57) | 17.3 (156) |
| Previous smoking | 25.9 (50) | 24.6 (257) | 50.2 (135) | 47.3 (426) |
| Current smoking | 25.9 (50) | 29.4 (307) | 28.6 (77) | 35.4 (319) |
| Coffee (cups/day) | 4.9 (2.4) | 4.8 (2.7) | 5.7 (3.6) | 6.1 (3.7) |
| Physical activity, % (n) | 43.5 (84) | 53.4 (557) | 66.5 (179) | 67.4 (607) |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 80.8 (156) | 58.5 (610) | 70.6 (190) | 60.8 (548) |
| Antihypertensive treatment, % (n) | 25.9 (50) | 12.2 (127) | 22.4 (60) | 10.3 (92) |
| Coronary heart disease, % (n) | 6.3 (12) | 2.6 (27) | 15.3 (41) | 6.6 (59) |
| Valvular heart disease, % (n) | 1.0 (2) | 0.3 (3) | 1.1 (3) | 0.0 (0) |
| Heart failure, % (n) | 0.7 (1) | 0.3 (3) | 4.3 (9) | 1.5 (11) |
| Hypertrophy, % (n) | 2.0 (3) | 0.7 (6) | 3.8 (8) | 2.4 (18) |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 5.2 (10) | 2.4 (25) | 5.2 (14) | 2.6 (23) |
| Palpitations, % (n) | 38.1 (56) | 29.7 (260) | 24.4 (59) | 15.0 (124) |
| Thyroid disease, % (n) | 15.3 (21) | 10.5 (90) | 1.7 (4) | 1.9 (15) |
| LVM indexed by height (g/m1.7) | 77.3 (22.1) | 68.8 (17.8) | 90.4 (26.7) | 79.0 (21.3) |
| LVM indexed by BSA (g/m2) | 99.3 (26.3) | 90.8 (21.5) | 118.1 (32.9) | 105.0 (26.4) |
| LA size indexed by BSA (cm/m2) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.3) |
| E/A ratio | 0.96 (0.30) | 0.97 (0.25) | 1.01 (0.40) | 0.99 (0.27) |
| Deceleration time (dt) | 207.3 (49.5) | 196.4 (39.7) | 210.7 (48.1) | 206.4 (43.0) |
| Mitral Doppler groups, % (n) | ||||
| Group I | 71.7 (137) | 75.5 (773) | 69.2 (182) | 78.5 (695) |
| Group II | 2.6 (5) | 2.7 (28) | 4.9 (13) | 3.8 (34) |
| Group III | 22.0 (42) | 19.4 (199) | 24.0 (63) | 15.9 (141) |
| Group IV | 3.7 (7) | 2.3 (24) | 1.9 (5) | 1.7 (15) |
| Abnormal mitral Doppler flow Group II–IV, % (n) | 28.3 (54) | 24.5 (251) | 30.8 (81) | 21.5 (190) |
The Tromsø Study, 1994–2010.
Mitral Doppler groups: Group I E/A ratio 0.75–1.5 and EDT ≥140 ms; group II E/A ratio >1.5 and EDT >140 ms; group III E/A ratio <0.75 and any EDT; group IV E/A ratio >0.75 and EDT <140 ms.
AF, atrial fibrillation; BSA, body surface area; EDT, E-wave deceleration time; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LA, left atrium; LVM, LV mass.