Table 3

Crude and adjusted ORs (95% CI) for maternal smoking, high BMI and both factors combined for different cardiac subgroups relative to non-cardiac chromosomal controls in the Eurocat database (1997–2008)

	Normal BMI	High BMI (≥25 kg/m²)	Normal BMI	High BMI (≥25 kg/m²)
	No smoking (n)	No smoking (n)	Smoking (n)	Smoking (n)
Chromosomal controls (n=322)	175	86	53	8
All CHA (n=797)
N	390	208	126	73
OR (95% CI)	ref	1.09 (0.80 to 1.48)	1.07 (0.64 to 1.54)	4.10 (1.93 to 8.68)
OR_adj (95% CI)^*	ref	1.05 (0.72 to 1.54)	0.96 (0.61 to 1.05)	2.65 (1.20 to 5.87)
Septal defects (n=349)
N	177	86	59	27
OR (95% CI)	ref	0.99 (0.69 to 1.42)	1.10 (0.72 to 1.69)	3.34 (1.48 to 7.55)
OR_adj (95% CI)^*	ref	0.95 (0.60 to 1.50)	1.00 (0.58 to 1.70)	2.60 (1.05 to 6.47)
Conotruncal defects (n=115)
N	60	31	15	9
OR (95% CI)	ref	1.05 (0.63 to 1.74)	0.83 (0.43 to 1.57)	3.28 (1.21 to 8.89)
OR_adj (95% CI)^*	ref	1.00 (0.55 to 1.83)	0.67 (0.30 to 1.49)	2.86 (0.93 to 8.84)
Outflow tract anomalies (n=265)
N	121	75	39	30
OR (95% CI)	ref	1.26 (0.86 to 1.86)	1.06 (0.66 to 1.71)	5.42 (2.40 to 12.24)
OR_adj (95% CI)^*	ref	1.35 (0.85 to 2.17)	0.90 (0.49 to 1.64)	3.58 (1.46 to 8.79)
Left ventricular outflow tract obstructive anomalies (n=139)
N	66	38	20	15
OR (95% CI)	ref	1.17 (0.73 to 1.89)	1.00 (0.56 to 1.80)	4.79 (2.01 to 12.27)
OR_adj (95% CI)^*	ref	1.18 (0.67 to 2.10)	0.78 (0.37 to 1.67)	3.32 (1.12 to 9.80)
Right ventricular outflow tract obstructive anomalies (n=126)
N	55	37	19	15
OR (95% CI)	ref	1.37 (0.84 2.24)	1.14 (0.63 to 2.09)	5.97 (2.40 to 14.82)
OR_adj (95% CI)^*	ref	1.57 (0.86 to 2.87)	1.02 (0.47 to 2.21)	4.63 (1.68 to 12.75)

↵* OR adjusted for maternal age, education level, folic acid use and periconceptional alcohol consumption.
BMI, body mass index; CHA, congenital heart anomalies.