Baseline characteristics by AF progression
| Overall | No AF progression | AF progression | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=6235) | (N=4756) | (N=1479) | ||
| Age (years) | 74 (65–81) | 73 (65–81) | 75 (67–82) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 57 | 56 | 57 | 0.56 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 91 | 90 | 92 | 0.0014 |
| Black or African American | 4.4 | 5.0 | 2.6 | |
| Hispanic | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.8 | |
| Other | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | |
| Private insurance | 28 | 28 | 24 | 0.0087 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 82 | 81 | 85 | 0.0004 |
| Diabetes | 28 | 28 | 29 | 0.65 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 19 | 18 | 19 | 0.41 |
| Coronary artery disease | 35 | 35 | 37 | 0.071 |
| Congestive heart failure | 29 | 27 | 35 | <0.0001 |
| Significant valvular disease | 22 | 21 | 25 | 0.0004 |
| Sinus node dysfunction | 18 | 17 | 21 | 0.0001 |
| Prior cerebrovascular events | 15 | 15 | 16 | 0.22 |
| Anaemia | 17 | 17 | 16 | 0.17 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 15 | 15 | 17 | 0.0157 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 0.61 |
| Cognitive impairment or dementia | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0.39 |
| Frailty | 4.9 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 0.0178 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 (25–34) | 29 (25–34) | 30 (25–35) | 0.070 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 69 (61–78) | 68 (60–76) | 72 (64–80) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126 (116–138) | 126 (117–138) | 125 (116–136) | 0.098 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72 (66–80) | 72 (66–80) | 72 (66–80) | 0.83 |
| Calculated creatinine clearance (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 71 (51–100) | 72 (52–101) | 68 (50–96) | 0.0099 |
| LVEF≥50% | 73 | 74 | 70 | <0.0001 |
| Left atrial diameter (cm) | 4.3 (3.8–4.8) | 4.2 (3.8–4.8) | 4.5 (4.0–5.0) | <0.0001 |
Continuous variables are presented as median and IQR.
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per min.