Sex-specific HR (95% CI) for atrial fibrillation according to left atrial (LA) size, and mitral Doppler flow and left atrial size combined
| Indexed left atrial size | p Value for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (<2.2) | 2 (2.2 to 2.79) | 3 (≥2.8) | ||
| Women | ||||
| Events (n=177) | n=61 | n=89 | n=27 | |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.9) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) | 4.5 (2.6 to 8.0) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.3) | 4.4 (2.4 to 8.0) | <0.0001 |
| Men | ||||
| Events (n=259) | n=128 | n=119 | n=12 | |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 3.0 (1.6 to 5.5) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.0) | 3.6 (1.7 to 7.5) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 3.3 (1.3 to 8.3) | 0.024 |
| All | ||||
| Events (n=436) | n=189 | n=208 | n=39 | |
| Model 4 | ||||
| Mitral Doppler flow | ||||
| Normal | 1 (Ref.) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 3.1 (2.1 to 4.8) | <0.0001* |
| Abnormal | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 3.5 (1.8 to 6.7) | |
| Model 5 | ||||
| Mitral Doppler flow | ||||
| Normal | 1 (Ref.) | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.0) | 4.8 (2.9 to 7.8) | <0.0001* |
| Abnormal | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) | 3.7 (1.6 to 8.7) | |
The Tromsø Study, 1994–2010.
*p Value for trend is calculated for six groups of LA size and mitral Doppler flow combined. Description can be found in the Methods section.
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex (not in sex-specific models).
Model 2: as Model 1+height, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, palpitation.
Model 3: as Model 2, participants with coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure or hypertrophy at baseline excluded.
Model 4: as Model 1.
Model 5: as Model 2.
Mitral Doppler flow—normal: E/A ratio 0.75–1.5 and E-wave deceleration time (EDT >140 ms; abnormal: E/A ratio <0.75 or >1.5 or EDT <140 ms.
Ref; reference.