Association of major cardiac events during pregnancy with demographic, clinical and obstetric characteristics
| Overall (n=39) | Major cardiac events (n=7) | No major events (n=32) | p Value major event vs none | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA (n=5) | HF (n=2) | ||||
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Age (at conception; mean, years) | 31.3±3.6 | 31.7±1.9 | 34.4±4.7 | 31.0±3.7 | 0.34 |
| Nationality (% American) | 31 (79) | 5 (100) | 1 (50) | 25 (78) | 1.0 |
| Primigravida (%) | 14 (36) | 2 (40) | 2 (100) | 10 (31) | 0.23 |
| Proband (%) | 21 (54) | 5 (100) | 1 (50) | 15 (47) | 0.10 |
| Mutation carrier (%) | 25 (64) | 3 (60) | 2 (100) | 20 (63) | 0.65 |
| ARVD/C history prepregnancy | |||||
| Recognised disease (%) | 29 (74) | 2 (40) | 2 (100) | 25 (78) | 0.34 |
| ICD implanted (%) | 25 (64) | 2 (40) | 2 (100) | 21 (66) | 0.69 |
| Cardiac characteristics prepregnancy | |||||
| Sustained VT/ICD shock (%, VA) | 9 (23) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 8 (25) | 1.0 |
| Major structural RV disease by 2010 TFC* (%) | 11/37 (30) | 1 (20) | 2 (100) | 8/30 (27)* | 0.40 |
| LV ejection fraction <55% (%) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 1 (3) | 0.33 |
| Heart failure ≥ Class C (%, HF) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0(0) | 1.0 |
| Obstetric outcomes | |||||
| Liveborn (%) | 39 (100) | 5 (100) | 2 (100) | 32 (100) | 1.0 |
| Delivery (% vaginal) | 28 (72) | 3 (60) | 1 (50) | 24 (75) | 0.38 |
| Birth weight (mean, kg)† | 3.4±0.6 | 3.0±0.4 | 2.9±1.3 | 3.5±0.6† | 0.047 |
| Full-term delivery (% ≥37 weeks) | 37 (95) | 5 (100) | 2 (100) | 30 (94) | 1.0 |
*RV structure prepregnancy was unavailable in two cases.
†Birth weight was unavailable for one full-term healthy infant.
ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; HF, heart failure ≥ Class C19; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LV, left ventricular; RV, right ventricular; TFC, 2010 Task Force Criteria16; VA, sustained ventricular arrhythmia or appropriate ICD therapy; VT, ventricular tachycardia.