Variable | Patients with ILR inserted n=70 | Patients with arrhythmia detected n=50 | Patients with no arrhythmia detected n=20 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (female) | 45 (63%) | 29 (58%) | 16 (80%) | 0.10 |
Mean age±SD (years) | 69.4±10.0 | 67.9±10.24 | 72.4±8.38 | 0.07 |
MMSE score*† (mean±SD) | 28.18±1.746 | 28.28±1.71 | 27.94±1.82 | 0.49 |
TUG score‡ (mean±SD) | 14.1±4.47 | 13.3±3.92 | 15.13±4.935 | 0.39 |
CES-D score§ (mean±SD) | 9±8.001 | 11.08±8.02 | 8.167±7.53 | 0.23 |
POMA¶ (mean±SD) | 24.76±4.02 | 25.10±3.908 | 26±4.11 | 0.455 |
FES** (mean±SD) | 22.39±22.65 | 22±21.85 | 25.71±24.5 | 1.00 |
Warning symptoms prior to index fall†† | 21 (30%) | 16 (32%) | 5 (25%) | 0.77 |
Head injury during index fall | 18 (26%) | 10 (14%) | 8 (40%) | 0.801 |
Fracture during index fall‡‡ | 24 (34%) | 16 (23%) | 8 (40%) | 0.115 |
History of cardiovascular disease§§ | 31 (44%) | 27 (39%) | 2 (10%) | 0.001* |
Hypertension | 41 (59%) | 32 (46%) | 9 (45%) | <0.001* |
Diabetes | 8 (11%) | 7 (10%) | 1 (5%) | 0.062 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 32 (46%) | 27 (39%) | 5 (25%) | <0.001* |
COPD | 11 (16%) | 9 (13%) | 2 (10%) | 0.055 |
Depression | 20 (29%) | 18 (36%) | 2 (10%) | <0.001* |
Osteoporosis | 15 (21%) | 9 (18%) | 6 (30%) | 0.586 |
Polypharmacy (>5 medications) | 41 (59%) | 28 (56%) | 13(65%) | 0.06 |
Antihypertensive | 44 (63%) | 32 (64%) | 12 (60%) | <0.001* |
Antiarrhythmic | 7 (10%) | 7 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0.013 |
β-blockers | 15 (21%) | 12 (24%) | 3 (15%) | 0.026 |
Hypnotic/anxiolytic | 16 (23%) | 12 (24%) | 4 (20%) | 0.064 |
Antidepressant | 22 (31%) | 16 (32%) | 6 (30%) | 0.001* |
Non-opioid analgesia | 15 (21%) | 11 (22%) | 4 (20%) | 0.098 |
Diuretic | 12 (17%) | 10 (20%) | 2 (10%) | 0.030 |
Antiplatelet | 25 (36%) | 18 (36%) | 7 (35%) | 0.025 |
Bisphosphonate | 10 (14%) | 5 (10%) | 5 (25%) | 1.00 |
*Denotes significance at p<0.05.
†MMSE maximum score out of 30.
‡TUG abnormal score 13.5 s.
§CES-D maximum score 60.
¶POMA maximum score 56.
**FES maximum score 0/100.
††Warning symptoms included those typically reported preceding a syncopal event including lightheadedness, dizziness, palpitations or visual disturbance.
‡‡Self-reported fracture of any bone.
§§Cardiovascular disease included doctor diagnosed history of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke.
CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FES, Falls Efficacy Scale; ILR, implantable loop recorder, MMSE, mini-mental state examination; POMA, performance oriented mobility assessment; TUG, timed up and go test.